Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach

This study investigated the dynamics of the accumulation and release of Hg2+ in lichens, using Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. as a model species. Thalli were incubated with solutions containing 1, 10, and 100 µM Hg2+ and then exposed for...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Vannini, Muhammad Bilal Jamal, Margherita Gramigni, Riccardo Fedeli, Stefania Ancora, Fabrizio Monaci, Stefano Loppi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bioaccumulation biomonitoring Hg photosynthesis toxicity uptake Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2e32ee5561d45c7a93728d29714469c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2e32ee5561d45c7a93728d29714469c2021-11-25T16:47:54ZAccumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach10.3390/biology101111982079-7737https://doaj.org/article/a2e32ee5561d45c7a93728d29714469c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1198https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737This study investigated the dynamics of the accumulation and release of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in lichens, using <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. as a model species. Thalli were incubated with solutions containing 1, 10, and 100 µM Hg<sup>2+</sup> and then exposed for 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months at the Botanical Garden of the University of Siena (a location free from local Hg sources). Lichen samples accumulated Hg proportionally to the exposure concentration, and after the exposure, reductions over time were evident, already starting from 1–2 months. After 24 months, samples released 72–74 (healthy thalli) to 94% (unhealthy thalli) of the accumulated Hg, but control values of untreated samples were never reached. Depending on the Hg content after the exposure, stable decreased concentrations were reached after 6–24 months. The results of this study highlight the ability of the lichen <i>E. prunastri</i> to reflect rapidly increasing environmental Hg concentrations, as well as to indicate an ameliorated situation (e.g., the closure of an Hg source). However, we have found evidence that an acute pollution episode can influence the content of Hg in lichens for several years.Andrea VanniniMuhammad Bilal JamalMargherita GramigniRiccardo FedeliStefania AncoraFabrizio MonaciStefano LoppiMDPI AGarticlebioaccumulationbiomonitoringHgphotosynthesistoxicityuptakeBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1198, p 1198 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bioaccumulation biomonitoring Hg photosynthesis toxicity uptake Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	bioaccumulation biomonitoring Hg photosynthesis toxicity uptake Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Andrea Vannini Muhammad Bilal Jamal Margherita Gramigni Riccardo Fedeli Stefania Ancora Fabrizio Monaci Stefano Loppi Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
description	This study investigated the dynamics of the accumulation and release of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in lichens, using <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. as a model species. Thalli were incubated with solutions containing 1, 10, and 100 µM Hg<sup>2+</sup> and then exposed for 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months at the Botanical Garden of the University of Siena (a location free from local Hg sources). Lichen samples accumulated Hg proportionally to the exposure concentration, and after the exposure, reductions over time were evident, already starting from 1–2 months. After 24 months, samples released 72–74 (healthy thalli) to 94% (unhealthy thalli) of the accumulated Hg, but control values of untreated samples were never reached. Depending on the Hg content after the exposure, stable decreased concentrations were reached after 6–24 months. The results of this study highlight the ability of the lichen <i>E. prunastri</i> to reflect rapidly increasing environmental Hg concentrations, as well as to indicate an ameliorated situation (e.g., the closure of an Hg source). However, we have found evidence that an acute pollution episode can influence the content of Hg in lichens for several years.
format	article
author	Andrea Vannini Muhammad Bilal Jamal Margherita Gramigni Riccardo Fedeli Stefania Ancora Fabrizio Monaci Stefano Loppi
author_facet	Andrea Vannini Muhammad Bilal Jamal Margherita Gramigni Riccardo Fedeli Stefania Ancora Fabrizio Monaci Stefano Loppi
author_sort	Andrea Vannini
title	Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
title_short	Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
title_full	Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
title_fullStr	Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
title_full_unstemmed	Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach
title_sort	accumulation and release of mercury in the lichen <i>evernia prunastri</i> (l.) ach
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2e32ee5561d45c7a93728d29714469c
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Accumulation and Release of Mercury in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach

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