Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies

ABSTRACT Calcium is widely used in conjunction with vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. The use of calcium supplementation is also promoted for its potential benefits in lowering the risk for metabolic syndromes and cancers. However, the causal link between calcium and various health outcomes remains...

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Autores principales:	Yiheng Chen, Vincenzo Forgetta, J. Brent Richards, Sirui Zhou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	CALCIUM CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES Orthopedic surgery RD701-811 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2edf7887c4e419c9bf17461defd27aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2edf7887c4e419c9bf17461defd27aa2021-11-04T12:00:57ZHealth Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies2473-403910.1002/jbm4.10542https://doaj.org/article/a2edf7887c4e419c9bf17461defd27aa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10542https://doaj.org/toc/2473-4039ABSTRACT Calcium is widely used in conjunction with vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. The use of calcium supplementation is also promoted for its potential benefits in lowering the risk for metabolic syndromes and cancers. However, the causal link between calcium and various health outcomes remains unclear. This review focuses on the evidence from 24 Mendelian randomization (MR) studies that were designed to minimize bias from confounding and reverse causation. These MR studies evaluated the effect of lifelong genetically higher serum calcium levels on various health outcomes. Overall, available MR studies found no conclusive effects of serum calcium levels on bone mineral density and fracture, ischemic stroke and heart failure, cancers, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson disease, or offspring birth weight. However, a higher serum calcium concentration was reported to have estimated causal effects on increased risks for coronary artery disease (especially myocardial infarction), migraine, renal colic, allergy/adverse effect of penicillin, and reduced risks for osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritis. In conclusion, supplementation of calcium in individuals from the general population is not predicted to influence the risk of most investigated diseases to date. Moreover, long‐term high serum calcium concentrations may result in adverse health outcomes. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Yiheng ChenVincenzo ForgettaJ. Brent RichardsSirui ZhouWileyarticleCALCIUMCANCERCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASEMENDELIAN RANDOMIZATIONMUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASESOrthopedic surgeryRD701-811Diseases of the musculoskeletal systemRC925-935ENJBMR Plus, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CALCIUM CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES Orthopedic surgery RD701-811 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
spellingShingle	CALCIUM CANCER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES Orthopedic surgery RD701-811 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935 Yiheng Chen Vincenzo Forgetta J. Brent Richards Sirui Zhou Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
description	ABSTRACT Calcium is widely used in conjunction with vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. The use of calcium supplementation is also promoted for its potential benefits in lowering the risk for metabolic syndromes and cancers. However, the causal link between calcium and various health outcomes remains unclear. This review focuses on the evidence from 24 Mendelian randomization (MR) studies that were designed to minimize bias from confounding and reverse causation. These MR studies evaluated the effect of lifelong genetically higher serum calcium levels on various health outcomes. Overall, available MR studies found no conclusive effects of serum calcium levels on bone mineral density and fracture, ischemic stroke and heart failure, cancers, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson disease, or offspring birth weight. However, a higher serum calcium concentration was reported to have estimated causal effects on increased risks for coronary artery disease (especially myocardial infarction), migraine, renal colic, allergy/adverse effect of penicillin, and reduced risks for osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritis. In conclusion, supplementation of calcium in individuals from the general population is not predicted to influence the risk of most investigated diseases to date. Moreover, long‐term high serum calcium concentrations may result in adverse health outcomes. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
format	article
author	Yiheng Chen Vincenzo Forgetta J. Brent Richards Sirui Zhou
author_facet	Yiheng Chen Vincenzo Forgetta J. Brent Richards Sirui Zhou
author_sort	Yiheng Chen
title	Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
title_short	Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
title_full	Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
title_fullStr	Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
title_full_unstemmed	Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies
title_sort	health effects of calcium: evidence from mendelian randomization studies
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2edf7887c4e419c9bf17461defd27aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT yihengchen healtheffectsofcalciumevidencefrommendelianrandomizationstudies AT vincenzoforgetta healtheffectsofcalciumevidencefrommendelianrandomizationstudies AT jbrentrichards healtheffectsofcalciumevidencefrommendelianrandomizationstudies AT siruizhou healtheffectsofcalciumevidencefrommendelianrandomizationstudies
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Health Effects of Calcium: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Studies

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