A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain

Abstract Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect gaze. Their magnitudes and directions are tightly controlled by the oculomotor system, which is capable of generating conjugate, monocular, convergent and divergent saccades. Recent studies suggest a mainly monocular control of saccades in mamm...

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Autores principales:	Claire Leyden, Christian Brysch, Aristides B. Arrenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2f2a88aa43a4c19ae022681aaeaed54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2f2a88aa43a4c19ae022681aaeaed542021-12-02T16:04:13ZA distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain10.1038/s41598-021-90315-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a2f2a88aa43a4c19ae022681aaeaed542021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90315-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect gaze. Their magnitudes and directions are tightly controlled by the oculomotor system, which is capable of generating conjugate, monocular, convergent and divergent saccades. Recent studies suggest a mainly monocular control of saccades in mammals, although the development of binocular control and the interaction of different functional populations is less well understood. For zebrafish, a well-established model in sensorimotor research, the nature of binocular control in this key oculomotor behavior is unknown. Here, we use the optokinetic response and calcium imaging to characterize how the developing zebrafish oculomotor system encodes the diverse repertoire of saccades. We find that neurons with phasic saccade-associated activity (putative burst neurons) are most frequent in dorsal regions of the hindbrain and show elements of both monocular and binocular encoding, revealing a mix of the response types originally hypothesized by Helmholtz and Hering. Additionally, we observed a certain degree of behavior-specific recruitment in individual neurons. Surprisingly, calcium activity is only weakly tuned to saccade size. Instead, saccade size is apparently controlled by a push–pull mechanism of opposing burst neuron populations. Our study reveals the basic layout of a developing vertebrate saccade system and provides a perspective into the evolution of the oculomotor system.Claire LeydenChristian BryschAristides B. ArrenbergNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Claire Leyden Christian Brysch Aristides B. Arrenberg A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
description	Abstract Saccades are rapid eye movements that redirect gaze. Their magnitudes and directions are tightly controlled by the oculomotor system, which is capable of generating conjugate, monocular, convergent and divergent saccades. Recent studies suggest a mainly monocular control of saccades in mammals, although the development of binocular control and the interaction of different functional populations is less well understood. For zebrafish, a well-established model in sensorimotor research, the nature of binocular control in this key oculomotor behavior is unknown. Here, we use the optokinetic response and calcium imaging to characterize how the developing zebrafish oculomotor system encodes the diverse repertoire of saccades. We find that neurons with phasic saccade-associated activity (putative burst neurons) are most frequent in dorsal regions of the hindbrain and show elements of both monocular and binocular encoding, revealing a mix of the response types originally hypothesized by Helmholtz and Hering. Additionally, we observed a certain degree of behavior-specific recruitment in individual neurons. Surprisingly, calcium activity is only weakly tuned to saccade size. Instead, saccade size is apparently controlled by a push–pull mechanism of opposing burst neuron populations. Our study reveals the basic layout of a developing vertebrate saccade system and provides a perspective into the evolution of the oculomotor system.
format	article
author	Claire Leyden Christian Brysch Aristides B. Arrenberg
author_facet	Claire Leyden Christian Brysch Aristides B. Arrenberg
author_sort	Claire Leyden
title	A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
title_short	A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
title_full	A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
title_fullStr	A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
title_full_unstemmed	A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
title_sort	distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2f2a88aa43a4c19ae022681aaeaed54
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A distributed saccade-associated network encodes high velocity conjugate and monocular eye movements in the zebrafish hindbrain

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