Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)

Organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as diazinon is found in the environments like water which is still approved for agricultural uses. When diazinon residues enter the human body, it functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This research aims to measure of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazin...

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Autores principales:	Giti Kashi, Nafiseh Nourieh, Parisa Mostashari, Fariba Khushab
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Chlorpyrifos (CPF) Diazinon Environment sample Gas chromatography (GC) Malathion Organophosphate (OP) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2f5f196c53540e188733c99dd170ca6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2f5f196c53540e188733c99dd170ca62021-11-18T04:51:26ZOptimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)2590-157510.1016/j.fochx.2021.100163https://doaj.org/article/a2f5f196c53540e188733c99dd170ca62021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157521000511https://doaj.org/toc/2590-1575Organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as diazinon is found in the environments like water which is still approved for agricultural uses. When diazinon residues enter the human body, it functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This research aims to measure of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit such as apple, orange, and tomato after optimizing extraction conditions. Pesticide residues are measured by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Effective variables on pesticide residues are studied including pesticides kind, sampling station, and fruit kind. Results show that average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in orange water are 7.05 ± 0.01 mg L−1, 6.66 ± 0.03 mg L−1, and 12.38 ± 0.02 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in apple water are 0.74 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.70 ± 0.01 mgL−1, and 1.10 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in tomato water are 0.60 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.57 ± 0.02 mgL−1, and 0.89 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The highest CPF concentration is observed in the orange fruit from station 20. Due to an appropriate storage condition and presenting organic fruits in the supermarket, the least mean concentration of pesticides is obtained in studied fruits from station 2. The manner of washing, peeling, and storage period before consuming fruits lead to decreasing studied pesticides concentration about 15–35, 40–50, and 50–60%, respectively. Increasing the fruit shelf-life led to decreasing studied pesticides concentration. Between pesticide concentration and variables: pesticides kind, sampling station, fruit kind, are not seen meaningful statistic relationship (P > 0.05). This study showed that pesticide residues in fruits can be decreased by washing, refrigerating, peeling procedures and increase in public surveillance.Giti KashiNafiseh NouriehParisa MostashariFariba KhushabElsevierarticleChlorpyrifos (CPF)DiazinonEnvironment sampleGas chromatography (GC)MalathionOrganophosphate (OP)Nutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641Food processing and manufactureTP368-456ENFood Chemistry: X, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100163- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chlorpyrifos (CPF) Diazinon Environment sample Gas chromatography (GC) Malathion Organophosphate (OP) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456
spellingShingle	Chlorpyrifos (CPF) Diazinon Environment sample Gas chromatography (GC) Malathion Organophosphate (OP) Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Food processing and manufacture TP368-456 Giti Kashi Nafiseh Nourieh Parisa Mostashari Fariba Khushab Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
description	Organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as diazinon is found in the environments like water which is still approved for agricultural uses. When diazinon residues enter the human body, it functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This research aims to measure of chlorpyrifos (CPF), diazinon, and malathion residues in fruit such as apple, orange, and tomato after optimizing extraction conditions. Pesticide residues are measured by gas chromatography (GC) technique. Effective variables on pesticide residues are studied including pesticides kind, sampling station, and fruit kind. Results show that average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in orange water are 7.05 ± 0.01 mg L−1, 6.66 ± 0.03 mg L−1, and 12.38 ± 0.02 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in apple water are 0.74 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.70 ± 0.01 mgL−1, and 1.10 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The average concentration CPF, diazinon, and malathion residues in tomato water are 0.60 ± 0.02 mgL−1, 0.57 ± 0.02 mgL−1, and 0.89 ± 0.01 µgL−1, respectively. The highest CPF concentration is observed in the orange fruit from station 20. Due to an appropriate storage condition and presenting organic fruits in the supermarket, the least mean concentration of pesticides is obtained in studied fruits from station 2. The manner of washing, peeling, and storage period before consuming fruits lead to decreasing studied pesticides concentration about 15–35, 40–50, and 50–60%, respectively. Increasing the fruit shelf-life led to decreasing studied pesticides concentration. Between pesticide concentration and variables: pesticides kind, sampling station, fruit kind, are not seen meaningful statistic relationship (P > 0.05). This study showed that pesticide residues in fruits can be decreased by washing, refrigerating, peeling procedures and increase in public surveillance.
format	article
author	Giti Kashi Nafiseh Nourieh Parisa Mostashari Fariba Khushab
author_facet	Giti Kashi Nafiseh Nourieh Parisa Mostashari Fariba Khushab
author_sort	Giti Kashi
title	Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
title_short	Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
title_full	Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
title_fullStr	Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)
title_sort	optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: fruit (apple, orange, and tomato)
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2f5f196c53540e188733c99dd170ca6
work_keys_str_mv	AT gitikashi optimizationofextractionconditionsanddeterminationofthechlorpyrifosdiazinonandmalathionresiduesinenvironmentsamplesfruitappleorangeandtomato AT nafisehnourieh optimizationofextractionconditionsanddeterminationofthechlorpyrifosdiazinonandmalathionresiduesinenvironmentsamplesfruitappleorangeandtomato AT parisamostashari optimizationofextractionconditionsanddeterminationofthechlorpyrifosdiazinonandmalathionresiduesinenvironmentsamplesfruitappleorangeandtomato AT faribakhushab optimizationofextractionconditionsanddeterminationofthechlorpyrifosdiazinonandmalathionresiduesinenvironmentsamplesfruitappleorangeandtomato
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Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of the Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, and malathion residues in environment samples: Fruit (Apple, Orange, and Tomato)

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