Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014

Abstract The association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause mortality has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations still exist. We used the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with 19,034 people t...

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Autores principales:	Ya Liu, Fubin Liu, Liwen Zhang, Junxian Li, Wenjuan Kang, Mingli Cao, Fangfang Song, Fengju Song
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a2fd22cdec434944bb3f843bc6361028
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a2fd22cdec434944bb3f843bc63610282021-11-14T12:18:37ZAssociation between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–201410.1038/s41598-021-01738-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a2fd22cdec434944bb3f843bc63610282021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01738-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause mortality has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations still exist. We used the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with 19,034 people to assess the association between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. All participants were followed up until 2015 except those younger than 18 years old, after excluding those who died within three years of follow-up, a total of 1619 deaths among 19,034 people were included in the analysis. In the age-adjusted model (model 1), it was found that the lowest LDL-C group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.708 [1.432–2.037]) than LDL-C 100–129 mg/dL as a reference group. The crude-adjusted model (model 2) suggests that people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.600 (95% CI [1.325–1.932]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, smoking status, body mass index (BMI). In the fully-adjusted model (model 3), people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.373 (95% CI [1.130–1.668]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after additionally adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer based on model 2. The results from restricted cubic spine (RCS) curve showed that when the LDL-C concentration (130 mg/dL) was used as the reference, there is a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, we found that low level of LDL-C is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. The observed association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality.Ya LiuFubin LiuLiwen ZhangJunxian LiWenjuan KangMingli CaoFangfang SongFengju SongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ya Liu Fubin Liu Liwen Zhang Junxian Li Wenjuan Kang Mingli Cao Fangfang Song Fengju Song Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
description	Abstract The association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and all-cause mortality has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations still exist. We used the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with 19,034 people to assess the association between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. All participants were followed up until 2015 except those younger than 18 years old, after excluding those who died within three years of follow-up, a total of 1619 deaths among 19,034 people were included in the analysis. In the age-adjusted model (model 1), it was found that the lowest LDL-C group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.708 [1.432–2.037]) than LDL-C 100–129 mg/dL as a reference group. The crude-adjusted model (model 2) suggests that people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.600 (95% CI [1.325–1.932]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, smoking status, body mass index (BMI). In the fully-adjusted model (model 3), people with the lowest level of LDL-C had 1.373 (95% CI [1.130–1.668]) times the odds compared with the reference group, after additionally adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer based on model 2. The results from restricted cubic spine (RCS) curve showed that when the LDL-C concentration (130 mg/dL) was used as the reference, there is a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality. In conclusion, we found that low level of LDL-C is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. The observed association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship between LDL-C level and all-cause mortality.
format	article
author	Ya Liu Fubin Liu Liwen Zhang Junxian Li Wenjuan Kang Mingli Cao Fangfang Song Fengju Song
author_facet	Ya Liu Fubin Liu Liwen Zhang Junxian Li Wenjuan Kang Mingli Cao Fangfang Song Fengju Song
author_sort	Ya Liu
title	Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
title_short	Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
title_full	Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
title_fullStr	Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
title_full_unstemmed	Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014
title_sort	association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the nhanes 1999–2014
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a2fd22cdec434944bb3f843bc6361028
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Association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality: results from the NHANES 1999–2014

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