Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes

IntroductionStudies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there...

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Autores principales:	Kun Yang, Wenxian Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) sex differences Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) hypertension Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a31a108fa6f647bbaad89dd7003fb2ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a31a108fa6f647bbaad89dd7003fb2ca2021-11-05T12:59:12ZTriglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.761397https://doaj.org/article/a31a108fa6f647bbaad89dd7003fb2ca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.761397/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392IntroductionStudies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the relationship between IR [evaluated by triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients without diabetes.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between TyG index and MACEs by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions and two-piecewise linear regression models. The primary endpoint was MACEs, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions.ResultsA total of 9,323 patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. TyG index was significantly related to the risk of MACEs in every adjusted model. Each 1 unit increase in TyG index increased the risk of MACEs in total participants (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.64; P<0.01) and men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P=0.02). However, TyG index was not associated with MACEs among female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97–1.82; P=0.0776). There was no interaction between the sex and TyG index (P for interaction= 0.73). We also used the two-stage linear regression model and did not find any threshold effect. There was no significant interaction in other confounders.ConclusionWe found the TyG index was associated with MACEs in the hypertensive patients, and there was no gender difference between the TyG index and MACEs.Kun YangWenxian LiuFrontiers Media S.A.articletriglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)sex differencesSystolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)hypertensionDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) sex differences Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) hypertension Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665
spellingShingle	triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) sex differences Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) hypertension Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Kun Yang Wenxian Liu Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
description	IntroductionStudies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the relationship between IR [evaluated by triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients without diabetes.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between TyG index and MACEs by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions and two-piecewise linear regression models. The primary endpoint was MACEs, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions.ResultsA total of 9,323 patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. TyG index was significantly related to the risk of MACEs in every adjusted model. Each 1 unit increase in TyG index increased the risk of MACEs in total participants (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.64; P<0.01) and men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P=0.02). However, TyG index was not associated with MACEs among female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97–1.82; P=0.0776). There was no interaction between the sex and TyG index (P for interaction= 0.73). We also used the two-stage linear regression model and did not find any threshold effect. There was no significant interaction in other confounders.ConclusionWe found the TyG index was associated with MACEs in the hypertensive patients, and there was no gender difference between the TyG index and MACEs.
format	article
author	Kun Yang Wenxian Liu
author_facet	Kun Yang Wenxian Liu
author_sort	Kun Yang
title	Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
title_short	Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
title_full	Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
title_fullStr	Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed	Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
title_sort	triglyceride and glucose index and sex differences in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients without diabetes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a31a108fa6f647bbaad89dd7003fb2ca
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_version_	1718444247309352960

Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes

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