Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers

In order to alter the solubility and bioavailability of various functional lipids and plant essential oils (EOs), it is possible to prepare their oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Thyme O/W nanoemulsions were prepared under subcritical water conditions (at 120°C and pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 h), usi...

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Autores principales:	Ahmadi Omid, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2021
Materias:	emulsifiers process intensification oil in water nanoemulsions subcritical water conditions thyme essential oil Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3281448f01e4deebe2e7efbea0c7b84
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3281448f01e4deebe2e7efbea0c7b842021-12-05T14:10:50ZIntensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers2191-955010.1515/gps-2021-0040https://doaj.org/article/a3281448f01e4deebe2e7efbea0c7b842021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0040https://doaj.org/toc/2191-9550In order to alter the solubility and bioavailability of various functional lipids and plant essential oils (EOs), it is possible to prepare their oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Thyme O/W nanoemulsions were prepared under subcritical water conditions (at 120°C and pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 h), using Tween 20, Tween 80, saponin, Arabic gum, xanthan gum, and sodium caseinate as emulsifiers. Results indicated that nanoemulsions with minimum mean droplet size of 11.5 and 12.6 nm were produced using Tween 20 and 80, respectively. Moreover, nanoemulsions with minimum polydispersity index (0.139) and maximum mean value of zeta potential (−24.5 mV) were provided utilizing xanthan gum and saponin, respectively. Results also revealed that the prepared nanoemulsions using saponin had maximum antioxidant activity based on percentage of scavenging ability (40.6%) and bactericidal effects against Streptococcus mutans as manifested in the formed clear zone (diameter of 21 mm). Morphological assessment of all the prepared nanoemulsions demonstrated that spherical thyme nanodroplets were formed in the colloidal solutions which revealed that all the prepared nanoemulsions had high thermodynamic stability due to the minimum surface energy level of the formed nanodroplets. This can increase applications of the prepared thyme O/W nanoemulsions in the aqueous food and pharmaceutical formulations.Ahmadi OmidJafarizadeh-Malmiri HodaDe Gruyterarticleemulsifiersprocess intensificationoil in water nanoemulsionssubcritical water conditionsthyme essential oilChemistryQD1-999ENGreen Processing and Synthesis, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 430-439 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	emulsifiers process intensification oil in water nanoemulsions subcritical water conditions thyme essential oil Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	emulsifiers process intensification oil in water nanoemulsions subcritical water conditions thyme essential oil Chemistry QD1-999 Ahmadi Omid Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
description	In order to alter the solubility and bioavailability of various functional lipids and plant essential oils (EOs), it is possible to prepare their oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Thyme O/W nanoemulsions were prepared under subcritical water conditions (at 120°C and pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 h), using Tween 20, Tween 80, saponin, Arabic gum, xanthan gum, and sodium caseinate as emulsifiers. Results indicated that nanoemulsions with minimum mean droplet size of 11.5 and 12.6 nm were produced using Tween 20 and 80, respectively. Moreover, nanoemulsions with minimum polydispersity index (0.139) and maximum mean value of zeta potential (−24.5 mV) were provided utilizing xanthan gum and saponin, respectively. Results also revealed that the prepared nanoemulsions using saponin had maximum antioxidant activity based on percentage of scavenging ability (40.6%) and bactericidal effects against Streptococcus mutans as manifested in the formed clear zone (diameter of 21 mm). Morphological assessment of all the prepared nanoemulsions demonstrated that spherical thyme nanodroplets were formed in the colloidal solutions which revealed that all the prepared nanoemulsions had high thermodynamic stability due to the minimum surface energy level of the formed nanodroplets. This can increase applications of the prepared thyme O/W nanoemulsions in the aqueous food and pharmaceutical formulations.
format	article
author	Ahmadi Omid Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
author_facet	Ahmadi Omid Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
author_sort	Ahmadi Omid
title	Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
title_short	Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
title_full	Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
title_fullStr	Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
title_full_unstemmed	Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
title_sort	intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3281448f01e4deebe2e7efbea0c7b84
work_keys_str_mv	AT ahmadiomid intensificationprocessinthymeessentialoilnanoemulsionpreparationbasedonsubcriticalwaterasgreensolventandsixdifferentemulsifiers AT jafarizadehmalmirihoda intensificationprocessinthymeessentialoilnanoemulsionpreparationbasedonsubcriticalwaterasgreensolventandsixdifferentemulsifiers
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Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers

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