Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review

Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the...

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Autores principales:	Zhenkun Xu, Jie Cao, Xiaoming Qin, Weiqiang Qiu, Jun Mei, Jing Xie
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ammonia nitrogen fish oxidative stress neurotoxicity immune response Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d72021-11-25T16:21:08ZToxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review10.3390/ani111133042076-2615https://doaj.org/article/a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3304https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. In fish exposed to toxicants, ammonia-induced toxicity is mainly caused by bioaccumulation in certain tissues. Ammonia nitrogen absorbed in the fish enters the circulatory system and affects hematological properties. Ammonia nitrogen also breaks balance in antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia nitrogen affects the immune response and causes neurotoxicity because of the physical and chemical toxicity. Thence, the purpose of this review was to investigate various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune response.Zhenkun XuJie CaoXiaoming QinWeiqiang QiuJun MeiJing XieMDPI AGarticleammonia nitrogenfishoxidative stressneurotoxicityimmune responseVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3304, p 3304 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ammonia nitrogen fish oxidative stress neurotoxicity immune response Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	ammonia nitrogen fish oxidative stress neurotoxicity immune response Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
description	Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. In fish exposed to toxicants, ammonia-induced toxicity is mainly caused by bioaccumulation in certain tissues. Ammonia nitrogen absorbed in the fish enters the circulatory system and affects hematological properties. Ammonia nitrogen also breaks balance in antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia nitrogen affects the immune response and causes neurotoxicity because of the physical and chemical toxicity. Thence, the purpose of this review was to investigate various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune response.
format	article
author	Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie
author_facet	Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie
author_sort	Zhenkun Xu
title	Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
title_short	Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
title_full	Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
title_fullStr	Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
title_sort	toxic effects on bioaccumulation, hematological parameters, oxidative stress, immune responses and tissue structure in fish exposed to ammonia nitrogen: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d7
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhenkunxu toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview AT jiecao toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview AT xiaomingqin toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview AT weiqiangqiu toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview AT junmei toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview AT jingxie toxiceffectsonbioaccumulationhematologicalparametersoxidativestressimmuneresponsesandtissuestructureinfishexposedtoammonianitrogenareview
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Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review

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