Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults

In a laboratory exercise for undergraduate biology majors, students plated bacteria from swabs of their facial skin under conditions that selected for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; added disks containing the antibiotics penicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin; and measured zones o...

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Autores principales:	Scott Freeman, Nnadozie O. Okoroafor, Christopher M. Gast, Mikhail Koval, David Nowowiejski, Eileen O’Connor, Robert D. Harrington, John W. Parks, Ferric C. Fang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a382315bb5f044d0aa64a373ef034363
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a382315bb5f044d0aa64a373ef0343632021-11-15T15:16:53ZCrowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults10.1128/jmbe.v17i1.10081935-78851935-7877https://doaj.org/article/a382315bb5f044d0aa64a373ef0343632016-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jmbe.v17i1.1008https://doaj.org/toc/1935-7877https://doaj.org/toc/1935-7885In a laboratory exercise for undergraduate biology majors, students plated bacteria from swabs of their facial skin under conditions that selected for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; added disks containing the antibiotics penicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin; and measured zones of inhibition. Students also recorded demographic and lifestyle variables and merged this information with similar data collected from 9,000 other students who had contributed to the database from 2003 to 2011. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing performed at the Harborview Medical Center Microbiology Laboratory (Seattle, WA) indicated a high degree of accuracy for student-generated data; species identification with a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Biotyper revealed that over 88% of the cells analyzed by students were S. epidermidis or S. capitus. The overall frequency of resistant cells was high, ranging from 13.2% of sampled bacteria resistant to oxacillin to 61.7% resistant to penicillin. Stepwise logistic regressions suggested that recent antibiotic use was strongly associated with resistance to three of the four antibiotics tested (p = 0.0003 for penicillin, p << 0.0001 for erythromycin and tetracycline), and that age, gender, use of acne medication, use of antibacterial soaps, or makeup use were associated with resistance to at least one of the four antibiotics. Furthermore, drug resistance to one antibiotic was closely linked to resistance to the other three antibiotics in every case (all p values << 0.0001), suggesting the involvement of multidrug–resistant strains. The data reported here suggest that citizen science could not only provide an important educational experience for undergraduates, but potentially play a role in efforts to expand antibiotic resistance (ABR) surveillance.Scott FreemanNnadozie O. OkoroaforChristopher M. GastMikhail KovalDavid NowowiejskiEileen O’ConnorRobert D. HarringtonJohn W. ParksFerric C. FangAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleSpecial aspects of educationLC8-6691Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENJournal of Microbiology & Biology Education, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 172-182 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Special aspects of education LC8-6691 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Scott Freeman Nnadozie O. Okoroafor Christopher M. Gast Mikhail Koval David Nowowiejski Eileen O’Connor Robert D. Harrington John W. Parks Ferric C. Fang Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
description	In a laboratory exercise for undergraduate biology majors, students plated bacteria from swabs of their facial skin under conditions that selected for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; added disks containing the antibiotics penicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin; and measured zones of inhibition. Students also recorded demographic and lifestyle variables and merged this information with similar data collected from 9,000 other students who had contributed to the database from 2003 to 2011. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing performed at the Harborview Medical Center Microbiology Laboratory (Seattle, WA) indicated a high degree of accuracy for student-generated data; species identification with a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Biotyper revealed that over 88% of the cells analyzed by students were S. epidermidis or S. capitus. The overall frequency of resistant cells was high, ranging from 13.2% of sampled bacteria resistant to oxacillin to 61.7% resistant to penicillin. Stepwise logistic regressions suggested that recent antibiotic use was strongly associated with resistance to three of the four antibiotics tested (p = 0.0003 for penicillin, p << 0.0001 for erythromycin and tetracycline), and that age, gender, use of acne medication, use of antibacterial soaps, or makeup use were associated with resistance to at least one of the four antibiotics. Furthermore, drug resistance to one antibiotic was closely linked to resistance to the other three antibiotics in every case (all p values << 0.0001), suggesting the involvement of multidrug–resistant strains. The data reported here suggest that citizen science could not only provide an important educational experience for undergraduates, but potentially play a role in efforts to expand antibiotic resistance (ABR) surveillance.
format	article
author	Scott Freeman Nnadozie O. Okoroafor Christopher M. Gast Mikhail Koval David Nowowiejski Eileen O’Connor Robert D. Harrington John W. Parks Ferric C. Fang
author_facet	Scott Freeman Nnadozie O. Okoroafor Christopher M. Gast Mikhail Koval David Nowowiejski Eileen O’Connor Robert D. Harrington John W. Parks Ferric C. Fang
author_sort	Scott Freeman
title	Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
title_short	Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
title_full	Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
title_fullStr	Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults
title_sort	crowdsourced data indicate widespread multidrug resistance in skin flora of healthy young adults
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/a382315bb5f044d0aa64a373ef034363
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Crowdsourced Data Indicate Widespread Multidrug Resistance in Skin Flora of Healthy Young Adults

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