Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties

Abstract Tendon tissue storage and preconditioning are often used in biomechanical experiments and whether this generates alterations in tissue properties is essential to know. The effect of storage and preconditioning on dense connective tissues, like tendons, is fairly understood. However, healing...

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Autores principales:	Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel, Malin Hammerman, Magnus Bernhardsson, Pernilla Eliasson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3943b21ea5d47139c975b682016992f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3943b21ea5d47139c975b682016992f2021-12-02T15:23:07ZEffect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties10.1038/s41598-020-80299-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a3943b21ea5d47139c975b682016992f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80299-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Tendon tissue storage and preconditioning are often used in biomechanical experiments and whether this generates alterations in tissue properties is essential to know. The effect of storage and preconditioning on dense connective tissues, like tendons, is fairly understood. However, healing tendons are unlike and contain a loose connective tissue. Therefore, we investigated if storage of healing tendons in the fridge or freezer changed the mechanical properties compared to fresh tendons, using a pull-to-failure or a creep test. Tissue morphology and cell viability were also evaluated. Additionally, two preconditioning levels were tested. Rats underwent Achilles tendon transection and were euthanized 12 days postoperatively. Statistical analyzes were done with one-way ANOVA or Student’s t-test. Tissue force and stress were unaltered by storage and preconditioning compared to fresh samples, while high preconditioning increased the stiffness and modulus (p ≤ 0.007). Furthermore, both storage conditions did not modify the viscoelastic properties of the healing tendon, but altered transverse area, gap length, and water content. Cell viability was reduced after freezing. In conclusion, preconditioning on healing tissues can introduce mechanical data bias when having extensive tissue strength diversity. Storage can be used before biomechanical testing if structural properties are measured on the day of testing.Franciele Dietrich-ZagonelMalin HammermanMagnus BernhardssonPernilla EliassonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel Malin Hammerman Magnus Bernhardsson Pernilla Eliasson Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
description	Abstract Tendon tissue storage and preconditioning are often used in biomechanical experiments and whether this generates alterations in tissue properties is essential to know. The effect of storage and preconditioning on dense connective tissues, like tendons, is fairly understood. However, healing tendons are unlike and contain a loose connective tissue. Therefore, we investigated if storage of healing tendons in the fridge or freezer changed the mechanical properties compared to fresh tendons, using a pull-to-failure or a creep test. Tissue morphology and cell viability were also evaluated. Additionally, two preconditioning levels were tested. Rats underwent Achilles tendon transection and were euthanized 12 days postoperatively. Statistical analyzes were done with one-way ANOVA or Student’s t-test. Tissue force and stress were unaltered by storage and preconditioning compared to fresh samples, while high preconditioning increased the stiffness and modulus (p ≤ 0.007). Furthermore, both storage conditions did not modify the viscoelastic properties of the healing tendon, but altered transverse area, gap length, and water content. Cell viability was reduced after freezing. In conclusion, preconditioning on healing tissues can introduce mechanical data bias when having extensive tissue strength diversity. Storage can be used before biomechanical testing if structural properties are measured on the day of testing.
format	article
author	Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel Malin Hammerman Magnus Bernhardsson Pernilla Eliasson
author_facet	Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel Malin Hammerman Magnus Bernhardsson Pernilla Eliasson
author_sort	Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel
title	Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
title_short	Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
title_full	Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
title_fullStr	Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
title_sort	effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3943b21ea5d47139c975b682016992f
work_keys_str_mv	AT francieledietrichzagonel effectofstorageandpreconditioningofhealingratachillestendononstructuralandmechanicalproperties AT malinhammerman effectofstorageandpreconditioningofhealingratachillestendononstructuralandmechanicalproperties AT magnusbernhardsson effectofstorageandpreconditioningofhealingratachillestendononstructuralandmechanicalproperties AT pernillaeliasson effectofstorageandpreconditioningofhealingratachillestendononstructuralandmechanicalproperties
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Effect of storage and preconditioning of healing rat Achilles tendon on structural and mechanical properties

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