Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage

Małgorzata Szkup,1 Anna Jurczak,2 Beata Karakiewicz,3 Artur Kotwas,3 Jacek Kopeć,4 Elżbieta Grochans1 1Department of Nursing, 2Department of Clinical Nursing, 3Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; 4School of Population and Public Health, Faculty...

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Autores principales:	Szkup M, Jurczak A, Karakiewicz B, Kotwas A, Kopeć J, Grochans E
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	cigarette smoking hormone metabolism lipid metabolism Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a399060aa095467a9ab438ead6828774
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a399060aa095467a9ab438ead68287742021-12-02T03:12:04ZInfluence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/a399060aa095467a9ab438ead68287742018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/influence-of-cigarette-smoking-on-hormone-and-lipid-metabolism-in-wome-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Małgorzata Szkup,1 Anna Jurczak,2 Beata Karakiewicz,3 Artur Kotwas,3 Jacek Kopeć,4 Elżbieta Grochans1 1Department of Nursing, 2Department of Clinical Nursing, 3Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; 4School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Background: The aim of the study was to analyze lipid and hormone metabolism, body mass index (BMI), and age parameters in late reproductive stage women in relation to cigarette smoking.Methods: The study enrolled 345 healthy late reproductive stage women living in Poland; 13.33% were smokers. The first part of the study assessed lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides) and hormone metabolism (estradiol [E2], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], and anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH] levels) in women in the early phase of the follicular menstrual cycle. The second part of study was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, with a standardized questionnaire (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders [PRIME-MD]) and the authors’ own research tools.Results: The women were aged 42.3±4.5 years (mean ± SD). The BMI (24.8±4.04 kg/m2) did not differ significantly between the groups. The women who smoked cigarettes had a statistically significantly (p<0.05) lower level of HDL as well as higher LDL and triglyceride levels (p<0.05). Differences were also shown in hormone levels: non-smoking participants had statistically significantly higher levels of E2 and FSH (p<0.05). In the group of non-smoking women, age was a predictor exerting a significant positive impact on the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and AMH (p<0.05). BMI contributed to a decline in HDL and triglyceride levels. In the group of smoking women, age significantly positively influenced the level of E2, and negatively influenced AMH. BMI was associated with a significant decrease in the HDL level.Conclusion: Smoking cigarettes affects the physical health of women in late reproductive stage through negative influences on lipid and hormone metabolism, among other factors. Age is an unmodifiable factor adversely affecting both lipids and hormones. Higher BMI has a negative influence on lipid metabolism in both groups of women in this study. Keywords: smoking, cholesterol profile, gonadal steroid hormonesSzkup MJurczak AKarakiewicz BKotwas AKopeć JGrochans EDove Medical Pressarticlecigarette smokinghormone metabolismlipid metabolismGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 13, Pp 109-115 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cigarette smoking hormone metabolism lipid metabolism Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	cigarette smoking hormone metabolism lipid metabolism Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Szkup M Jurczak A Karakiewicz B Kotwas A Kopeć J Grochans E Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
description	Małgorzata Szkup,1 Anna Jurczak,2 Beata Karakiewicz,3 Artur Kotwas,3 Jacek Kopeć,4 Elżbieta Grochans1 1Department of Nursing, 2Department of Clinical Nursing, 3Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; 4School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Background: The aim of the study was to analyze lipid and hormone metabolism, body mass index (BMI), and age parameters in late reproductive stage women in relation to cigarette smoking.Methods: The study enrolled 345 healthy late reproductive stage women living in Poland; 13.33% were smokers. The first part of the study assessed lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides) and hormone metabolism (estradiol [E2], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], and anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH] levels) in women in the early phase of the follicular menstrual cycle. The second part of study was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, with a standardized questionnaire (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders [PRIME-MD]) and the authors’ own research tools.Results: The women were aged 42.3±4.5 years (mean ± SD). The BMI (24.8±4.04 kg/m2) did not differ significantly between the groups. The women who smoked cigarettes had a statistically significantly (p<0.05) lower level of HDL as well as higher LDL and triglyceride levels (p<0.05). Differences were also shown in hormone levels: non-smoking participants had statistically significantly higher levels of E2 and FSH (p<0.05). In the group of non-smoking women, age was a predictor exerting a significant positive impact on the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and AMH (p<0.05). BMI contributed to a decline in HDL and triglyceride levels. In the group of smoking women, age significantly positively influenced the level of E2, and negatively influenced AMH. BMI was associated with a significant decrease in the HDL level.Conclusion: Smoking cigarettes affects the physical health of women in late reproductive stage through negative influences on lipid and hormone metabolism, among other factors. Age is an unmodifiable factor adversely affecting both lipids and hormones. Higher BMI has a negative influence on lipid metabolism in both groups of women in this study. Keywords: smoking, cholesterol profile, gonadal steroid hormones
format	article
author	Szkup M Jurczak A Karakiewicz B Kotwas A Kopeć J Grochans E
author_facet	Szkup M Jurczak A Karakiewicz B Kotwas A Kopeć J Grochans E
author_sort	Szkup M
title	Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
title_short	Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
title_full	Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
title_fullStr	Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
title_full_unstemmed	Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
title_sort	influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a399060aa095467a9ab438ead6828774
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Influence of cigarette smoking on hormone and lipid metabolism in women in late reproductive stage

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