Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics

Abstract Bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT), was one of the most promising lead-free high-temperature piezoelectric materials, due to high Curie temperature (675 °C) and large spontaneous polarization (50 µC/cm2); however, extensive studies had revealed that high leakage conductivity interferes with t...

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Autores principales:	Changbai Long, Qi Chang, Huiqing Fan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3aa3fc8bfdd47a2bee4b12674f6b2ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3aa3fc8bfdd47a2bee4b12674f6b2ee2021-12-02T12:32:37ZDifferences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics10.1038/s41598-017-03266-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a3aa3fc8bfdd47a2bee4b12674f6b2ee2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03266-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT), was one of the most promising lead-free high-temperature piezoelectric materials, due to high Curie temperature (675 °C) and large spontaneous polarization (50 µC/cm2); however, extensive studies had revealed that high leakage conductivity interferes with the poling process, hindering its practical applications. In this paper, an electrically insulating property was achieved by a low level Nb donor substitution to suppress a high level of holes associated with high oxygen vacancy concentration. Bi4Ti2.97Nb0.03O12 ceramic showed significant enhancements of electrical resistivity by more than three order of magnitude and activity energy with value >1.2 eV, which are significant for piezoelectric applications of BiT-based materials. However, pure and A2O3-excess (A = Bi, La and Nd; 3 at %) BiT ceramics, were mixed hole and oxygen ion conductors. Schottky barriers were both formed at grain boundary region and the sample-electrode interface, because of the existence of semiconducting bulk. Interestingly, the electron conduction could be suppressed in N2, as a consequence, they became oxide ion conductors with conductivity of about 4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 600 °C.Changbai LongQi ChangHuiqing FanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Changbai Long Qi Chang Huiqing Fan Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
description	Abstract Bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT), was one of the most promising lead-free high-temperature piezoelectric materials, due to high Curie temperature (675 °C) and large spontaneous polarization (50 µC/cm2); however, extensive studies had revealed that high leakage conductivity interferes with the poling process, hindering its practical applications. In this paper, an electrically insulating property was achieved by a low level Nb donor substitution to suppress a high level of holes associated with high oxygen vacancy concentration. Bi4Ti2.97Nb0.03O12 ceramic showed significant enhancements of electrical resistivity by more than three order of magnitude and activity energy with value >1.2 eV, which are significant for piezoelectric applications of BiT-based materials. However, pure and A2O3-excess (A = Bi, La and Nd; 3 at %) BiT ceramics, were mixed hole and oxygen ion conductors. Schottky barriers were both formed at grain boundary region and the sample-electrode interface, because of the existence of semiconducting bulk. Interestingly, the electron conduction could be suppressed in N2, as a consequence, they became oxide ion conductors with conductivity of about 4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 600 °C.
format	article
author	Changbai Long Qi Chang Huiqing Fan
author_facet	Changbai Long Qi Chang Huiqing Fan
author_sort	Changbai Long
title	Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
title_short	Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
title_full	Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
title_fullStr	Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
title_full_unstemmed	Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
title_sort	differences in nature of electrical conductions among bi4ti3o12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3aa3fc8bfdd47a2bee4b12674f6b2ee
work_keys_str_mv	AT changbailong differencesinnatureofelectricalconductionsamongbi4ti3o12basedferroelectricpolycrystallineceramics AT qichang differencesinnatureofelectricalconductionsamongbi4ti3o12basedferroelectricpolycrystallineceramics AT huiqingfan differencesinnatureofelectricalconductionsamongbi4ti3o12basedferroelectricpolycrystallineceramics
_version_	1718394052781539328

Differences in nature of electrical conductions among Bi4Ti3O12-based ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics

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