Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships

Beliefs about cause and effect, including health beliefs, are thought to be related to the frequency of the target outcome (e.g., health recovery) occurring when the putative cause is present and when it is absent (treatment administered vs. no treatment); this is known as <i>contingency learn...

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Autores principales:	Julie Y. L. Chow, Ben Colagiuri, Benjamin M. Rottman, Micah Goldwater, Evan J. Livesey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	pseudoscientific beliefs contingency learning causal belief Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3bfd87cb5654f0d8d04d23b2a9e7677
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3bfd87cb5654f0d8d04d23b2a9e76772021-11-11T16:20:42ZPseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships10.3390/ijerph1821111961660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/a3bfd87cb5654f0d8d04d23b2a9e76772021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11196https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Beliefs about cause and effect, including health beliefs, are thought to be related to the frequency of the target outcome (e.g., health recovery) occurring when the putative cause is present and when it is absent (treatment administered vs. no treatment); this is known as <i>contingency learning</i>. However, it is unclear whether unvalidated health beliefs, where there is no evidence of cause–effect contingency, are also influenced by the subjective perception of a meaningful contingency between events. In a survey, respondents were asked to judge a range of health beliefs and estimate the probability of the target outcome occurring with and without the putative cause present. Overall, we found evidence that causal beliefs are related to <i>perceived</i> cause–effect contingency. Interestingly, beliefs that were not predicted by perceived contingency were meaningfully related to scores on the paranormal belief scale. These findings suggest heterogeneity in pseudoscientific health beliefs and the need to tailor intervention strategies according to underlying causes.Julie Y. L. ChowBen ColagiuriBenjamin M. RottmanMicah GoldwaterEvan J. LiveseyMDPI AGarticlepseudoscientific beliefscontingency learningcausal beliefMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11196, p 11196 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pseudoscientific beliefs contingency learning causal belief Medicine R
spellingShingle	pseudoscientific beliefs contingency learning causal belief Medicine R Julie Y. L. Chow Ben Colagiuri Benjamin M. Rottman Micah Goldwater Evan J. Livesey Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
description	Beliefs about cause and effect, including health beliefs, are thought to be related to the frequency of the target outcome (e.g., health recovery) occurring when the putative cause is present and when it is absent (treatment administered vs. no treatment); this is known as <i>contingency learning</i>. However, it is unclear whether unvalidated health beliefs, where there is no evidence of cause–effect contingency, are also influenced by the subjective perception of a meaningful contingency between events. In a survey, respondents were asked to judge a range of health beliefs and estimate the probability of the target outcome occurring with and without the putative cause present. Overall, we found evidence that causal beliefs are related to <i>perceived</i> cause–effect contingency. Interestingly, beliefs that were not predicted by perceived contingency were meaningfully related to scores on the paranormal belief scale. These findings suggest heterogeneity in pseudoscientific health beliefs and the need to tailor intervention strategies according to underlying causes.
format	article
author	Julie Y. L. Chow Ben Colagiuri Benjamin M. Rottman Micah Goldwater Evan J. Livesey
author_facet	Julie Y. L. Chow Ben Colagiuri Benjamin M. Rottman Micah Goldwater Evan J. Livesey
author_sort	Julie Y. L. Chow
title	Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
title_short	Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
title_full	Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
title_fullStr	Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
title_full_unstemmed	Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships
title_sort	pseudoscientific health beliefs and the perceived frequency of causal relationships
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3bfd87cb5654f0d8d04d23b2a9e7677
work_keys_str_mv	AT julieylchow pseudoscientifichealthbeliefsandtheperceivedfrequencyofcausalrelationships AT bencolagiuri pseudoscientifichealthbeliefsandtheperceivedfrequencyofcausalrelationships AT benjaminmrottman pseudoscientifichealthbeliefsandtheperceivedfrequencyofcausalrelationships AT micahgoldwater pseudoscientifichealthbeliefsandtheperceivedfrequencyofcausalrelationships AT evanjlivesey pseudoscientifichealthbeliefsandtheperceivedfrequencyofcausalrelationships
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Pseudoscientific Health Beliefs and the Perceived Frequency of Causal Relationships

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