Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>There is no doubt that the dramatic worldwide increase in obesity prevalence is due to changes in environmental factors. However, twin and family studies suggest that genetic differences are responsible for the major part of the variation in adiposity wi...

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Autores principales:	Benjamin Rokholm, Karri Silventoinen, Per Tynelius, Michael Gamborg, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Finn Rasmussen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3deaf6d89434413941c472da1a6c739
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3deaf6d89434413941c472da1a6c7392021-11-18T07:34:51ZIncreasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0027135https://doaj.org/article/a3deaf6d89434413941c472da1a6c7392011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22087252/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background and objectives</h4>There is no doubt that the dramatic worldwide increase in obesity prevalence is due to changes in environmental factors. However, twin and family studies suggest that genetic differences are responsible for the major part of the variation in adiposity within populations. Recent studies show that the genetic effects on body mass index (BMI) may be stronger when combined with presumed risk factors for obesity. We tested the hypothesis that the genetic variance of BMI has increased during the obesity epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>The data comprised height and weight measurements of 1,474,065 Swedish conscripts at age 18-19 y born between 1951 and 1983. The data were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and the Swedish Twin Register from which 264,796 full-brother pairs, 1,736 monozygotic (MZ) and 1,961 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were identified. The twin pairs were analysed to identify the most parsimonious model for the genetic and environmental contribution to BMI variance. The full-brother pairs were subsequently divided into subgroups by year of birth to investigate trends in the genetic variance of BMI.<h4>Results</h4>The twin analysis showed that BMI variation could be explained by additive genetic and environmental factors not shared by co-twins. On the basis of the analyses of the full-siblings, the additive genetic variance of BMI increased from 4.3 [95% CI 4.04-4.53] to 7.9 [95% CI 7.28-8.54] within the study period, as did the unique environmental variance, which increased from 1.4 [95% CI 1.32-1.48] to 2.0 [95% CI 1.89-2.22]. The BMI heritability increased from 75% to 78.8%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The results confirm the hypothesis that the additive genetic variance of BMI has increased strongly during the obesity epidemic. This suggests that the obesogenic environment has enhanced the influence of adiposity related genes.Benjamin RokholmKarri SilventoinenPer TyneliusMichael GamborgThorkild I A SørensenFinn RasmussenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e27135 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Benjamin Rokholm Karri Silventoinen Per Tynelius Michael Gamborg Thorkild I A Sørensen Finn Rasmussen Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
description	<h4>Background and objectives</h4>There is no doubt that the dramatic worldwide increase in obesity prevalence is due to changes in environmental factors. However, twin and family studies suggest that genetic differences are responsible for the major part of the variation in adiposity within populations. Recent studies show that the genetic effects on body mass index (BMI) may be stronger when combined with presumed risk factors for obesity. We tested the hypothesis that the genetic variance of BMI has increased during the obesity epidemic.<h4>Methods</h4>The data comprised height and weight measurements of 1,474,065 Swedish conscripts at age 18-19 y born between 1951 and 1983. The data were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and the Swedish Twin Register from which 264,796 full-brother pairs, 1,736 monozygotic (MZ) and 1,961 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were identified. The twin pairs were analysed to identify the most parsimonious model for the genetic and environmental contribution to BMI variance. The full-brother pairs were subsequently divided into subgroups by year of birth to investigate trends in the genetic variance of BMI.<h4>Results</h4>The twin analysis showed that BMI variation could be explained by additive genetic and environmental factors not shared by co-twins. On the basis of the analyses of the full-siblings, the additive genetic variance of BMI increased from 4.3 [95% CI 4.04-4.53] to 7.9 [95% CI 7.28-8.54] within the study period, as did the unique environmental variance, which increased from 1.4 [95% CI 1.32-1.48] to 2.0 [95% CI 1.89-2.22]. The BMI heritability increased from 75% to 78.8%.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The results confirm the hypothesis that the additive genetic variance of BMI has increased strongly during the obesity epidemic. This suggests that the obesogenic environment has enhanced the influence of adiposity related genes.
format	article
author	Benjamin Rokholm Karri Silventoinen Per Tynelius Michael Gamborg Thorkild I A Sørensen Finn Rasmussen
author_facet	Benjamin Rokholm Karri Silventoinen Per Tynelius Michael Gamborg Thorkild I A Sørensen Finn Rasmussen
author_sort	Benjamin Rokholm
title	Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
title_short	Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
title_full	Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
title_fullStr	Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
title_full_unstemmed	Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.
title_sort	increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the swedish obesity epidemic.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3deaf6d89434413941c472da1a6c739
work_keys_str_mv	AT benjaminrokholm increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic AT karrisilventoinen increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic AT pertynelius increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic AT michaelgamborg increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic AT thorkildiasørensen increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic AT finnrasmussen increasinggeneticvarianceofbodymassindexduringtheswedishobesityepidemic
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Increasing genetic variance of body mass index during the Swedish obesity epidemic.

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