Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles

Abstract Beginning with the larval stages, marine pufferfish such as Takifugu niphobles contain tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent neurotoxin. Although highly concentrated TTX has been detected in adults and juveniles of these fish, the source of the toxin has remained unclear. Here we show tha...

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Autores principales:	Shiro Itoi, Hiroyuki Ueda, Riko Yamada, Mitsuki Takei, Tatsunori Sato, Shotaro Oshikiri, Yoshiki Wajima, Ryuya Ogata, Hikaru Oyama, Takahiro Shitto, Kazuya Okuhara, Tadasuke Tsunashima, Eitaro Sawayama, Haruo Sugita
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a3f64eeb327843f38c0f77de137719b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a3f64eeb327843f38c0f77de137719b12021-12-02T15:08:25ZIncluding planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles10.1038/s41598-018-30696-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a3f64eeb327843f38c0f77de137719b12018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30696-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Beginning with the larval stages, marine pufferfish such as Takifugu niphobles contain tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent neurotoxin. Although highly concentrated TTX has been detected in adults and juveniles of these fish, the source of the toxin has remained unclear. Here we show that TTX in the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata contributes to the toxification of the pufferfish throughout the life cycle of the flatworm. A species-specific PCR method was developed for the flatworm, and the specific DNA fragment was detected in the digesta of wild pufferfish adults. Predation experiments showed that flatworm larvae were eaten by the pufferfish juveniles, and that the two-day postprandial TTX content in these pufferfish was 20–50 μg/g. Predation experiments additionally showed flatworm adults were also eaten by pufferfish young, and after two days of feeding, TTX accumulated in the skin, liver and intestine of the pufferfish.Shiro ItoiHiroyuki UedaRiko YamadaMitsuki TakeiTatsunori SatoShotaro OshikiriYoshiki WajimaRyuya OgataHikaru OyamaTakahiro ShittoKazuya OkuharaTadasuke TsunashimaEitaro SawayamaHaruo SugitaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shiro Itoi Hiroyuki Ueda Riko Yamada Mitsuki Takei Tatsunori Sato Shotaro Oshikiri Yoshiki Wajima Ryuya Ogata Hikaru Oyama Takahiro Shitto Kazuya Okuhara Tadasuke Tsunashima Eitaro Sawayama Haruo Sugita Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
description	Abstract Beginning with the larval stages, marine pufferfish such as Takifugu niphobles contain tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent neurotoxin. Although highly concentrated TTX has been detected in adults and juveniles of these fish, the source of the toxin has remained unclear. Here we show that TTX in the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata contributes to the toxification of the pufferfish throughout the life cycle of the flatworm. A species-specific PCR method was developed for the flatworm, and the specific DNA fragment was detected in the digesta of wild pufferfish adults. Predation experiments showed that flatworm larvae were eaten by the pufferfish juveniles, and that the two-day postprandial TTX content in these pufferfish was 20–50 μg/g. Predation experiments additionally showed flatworm adults were also eaten by pufferfish young, and after two days of feeding, TTX accumulated in the skin, liver and intestine of the pufferfish.
format	article
author	Shiro Itoi Hiroyuki Ueda Riko Yamada Mitsuki Takei Tatsunori Sato Shotaro Oshikiri Yoshiki Wajima Ryuya Ogata Hikaru Oyama Takahiro Shitto Kazuya Okuhara Tadasuke Tsunashima Eitaro Sawayama Haruo Sugita
author_facet	Shiro Itoi Hiroyuki Ueda Riko Yamada Mitsuki Takei Tatsunori Sato Shotaro Oshikiri Yoshiki Wajima Ryuya Ogata Hikaru Oyama Takahiro Shitto Kazuya Okuhara Tadasuke Tsunashima Eitaro Sawayama Haruo Sugita
author_sort	Shiro Itoi
title	Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
title_short	Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
title_full	Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
title_fullStr	Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
title_full_unstemmed	Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles
title_sort	including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, takifugu niphobles
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/a3f64eeb327843f38c0f77de137719b1
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Including planocerid flatworms in the diet effectively toxifies the pufferfish, Takifugu niphobles

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