First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

Abstract Bacteriophage communities associated with humans and vertebrate animals have been extensively studied, but the data on phages living in invertebrates remain scarce. In fact, they have never been reported for most animal phyla. Our ultrastructural study showed for the first time a variety of...

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Autores principales:	A. E. Vishnyakov, N. P. Karagodina, G. Lim-Fong, P. A. Ivanov, T. F. Schwaha, A. V. Letarov, A. N. Ostrovsky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a425897afab94af1bed2eb494ad1b09f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a425897afab94af1bed2eb494ad1b09f2021-12-02T15:13:06ZFirst evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa10.1038/s41598-020-78616-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a425897afab94af1bed2eb494ad1b09f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78616-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Bacteriophage communities associated with humans and vertebrate animals have been extensively studied, but the data on phages living in invertebrates remain scarce. In fact, they have never been reported for most animal phyla. Our ultrastructural study showed for the first time a variety of virus-like particles (VLPs) and supposed virus-related structures inside symbiotic bacteria in two marine species from the phylum Bryozoa, the cheilostomes Bugula neritina and Paralicornia sinuosa. We also documented the effect of VLPs on bacterial hosts: we explain different bacterial ‘ultrastructural types’ detected in bryozoan tissues as stages in the gradual destruction of prokaryotic cells caused by viral multiplication during the lytic cycle. We speculate that viruses destroying bacteria regulate symbiont numbers in the bryozoan hosts, a phenomenon known in some insects. We develop two hypotheses explaining exo- and endogenous circulation of the viruses during the life-cycle of B. neritina. Finally, we compare unusual ‘sea-urchin’-like structures found in the collapsed bacteria in P. sinuosa with so-called metamorphosis associated contractile structures (MACs) formed in the cells of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea which are known to trigger larval metamorphosis in a polychaete worm.A. E. VishnyakovN. P. KaragodinaG. Lim-FongP. A. IvanovT. F. SchwahaA. V. LetarovA. N. OstrovskyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. E. Vishnyakov N. P. Karagodina G. Lim-Fong P. A. Ivanov T. F. Schwaha A. V. Letarov A. N. Ostrovsky First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
description	Abstract Bacteriophage communities associated with humans and vertebrate animals have been extensively studied, but the data on phages living in invertebrates remain scarce. In fact, they have never been reported for most animal phyla. Our ultrastructural study showed for the first time a variety of virus-like particles (VLPs) and supposed virus-related structures inside symbiotic bacteria in two marine species from the phylum Bryozoa, the cheilostomes Bugula neritina and Paralicornia sinuosa. We also documented the effect of VLPs on bacterial hosts: we explain different bacterial ‘ultrastructural types’ detected in bryozoan tissues as stages in the gradual destruction of prokaryotic cells caused by viral multiplication during the lytic cycle. We speculate that viruses destroying bacteria regulate symbiont numbers in the bryozoan hosts, a phenomenon known in some insects. We develop two hypotheses explaining exo- and endogenous circulation of the viruses during the life-cycle of B. neritina. Finally, we compare unusual ‘sea-urchin’-like structures found in the collapsed bacteria in P. sinuosa with so-called metamorphosis associated contractile structures (MACs) formed in the cells of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea which are known to trigger larval metamorphosis in a polychaete worm.
format	article
author	A. E. Vishnyakov N. P. Karagodina G. Lim-Fong P. A. Ivanov T. F. Schwaha A. V. Letarov A. N. Ostrovsky
author_facet	A. E. Vishnyakov N. P. Karagodina G. Lim-Fong P. A. Ivanov T. F. Schwaha A. V. Letarov A. N. Ostrovsky
author_sort	A. E. Vishnyakov
title	First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
title_short	First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
title_full	First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
title_fullStr	First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
title_full_unstemmed	First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa
title_sort	first evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of bryozoa
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a425897afab94af1bed2eb494ad1b09f
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First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

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