DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.

The wild gourmet mushroom Boletus edulis and its close allies are of significant ecological and economic importance. They are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but despite their ubiquity there are still many unresolved issues with regard to the taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this...

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Autores principales:	Bang Feng, Jianping Xu, Gang Wu, Md Iqbal Hosen, Nian-Kai Zeng, Yan-Chun Li, Bau Tolgor, Gerhard W Kost, Zhu L Yang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a4372bdf1b584decb2238b6aba77bb1a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a4372bdf1b584decb2238b6aba77bb1a2021-11-18T07:18:00ZDNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037567https://doaj.org/article/a4372bdf1b584decb2238b6aba77bb1a2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22629418/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The wild gourmet mushroom Boletus edulis and its close allies are of significant ecological and economic importance. They are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but despite their ubiquity there are still many unresolved issues with regard to the taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this group of mushrooms. Most phylogenetic studies of Boletus so far have characterized samples from North America and Europe and little information is available on samples from other areas, including the ecologically and geographically diverse regions of China. Here we analyzed DNA sequence variation in three gene markers from samples of these mushrooms from across China and compared our findings with those from other representative regions. Our results revealed fifteen novel phylogenetic species (about one-third of the known species) and a newly identified lineage represented by Boletus sp. HKAS71346 from tropical Asia. The phylogenetic analyses support eastern Asia as the center of diversity for the porcini sensu stricto clade. Within this clade, B. edulis is the only known holarctic species. The majority of the other phylogenetic species are geographically restricted in their distributions. Furthermore, molecular dating and geological evidence suggest that this group of mushrooms originated during the Eocene in eastern Asia, followed by dispersal to and subsequent speciation in other parts of Asia, Europe, and the Americas from the middle Miocene through the early Pliocene. In contrast to the ancient dispersal of porcini in the strict sense in the Northern Hemisphere, the occurrence of B. reticulatus and B. edulis sensu lato in the Southern Hemisphere was probably due to recent human-mediated introductions.Bang FengJianping XuGang WuMd Iqbal HosenNian-Kai ZengYan-Chun LiBau TolgorGerhard W KostZhu L YangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37567 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bang Feng Jianping Xu Gang Wu Md Iqbal Hosen Nian-Kai Zeng Yan-Chun Li Bau Tolgor Gerhard W Kost Zhu L Yang DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
description	The wild gourmet mushroom Boletus edulis and its close allies are of significant ecological and economic importance. They are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but despite their ubiquity there are still many unresolved issues with regard to the taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this group of mushrooms. Most phylogenetic studies of Boletus so far have characterized samples from North America and Europe and little information is available on samples from other areas, including the ecologically and geographically diverse regions of China. Here we analyzed DNA sequence variation in three gene markers from samples of these mushrooms from across China and compared our findings with those from other representative regions. Our results revealed fifteen novel phylogenetic species (about one-third of the known species) and a newly identified lineage represented by Boletus sp. HKAS71346 from tropical Asia. The phylogenetic analyses support eastern Asia as the center of diversity for the porcini sensu stricto clade. Within this clade, B. edulis is the only known holarctic species. The majority of the other phylogenetic species are geographically restricted in their distributions. Furthermore, molecular dating and geological evidence suggest that this group of mushrooms originated during the Eocene in eastern Asia, followed by dispersal to and subsequent speciation in other parts of Asia, Europe, and the Americas from the middle Miocene through the early Pliocene. In contrast to the ancient dispersal of porcini in the strict sense in the Northern Hemisphere, the occurrence of B. reticulatus and B. edulis sensu lato in the Southern Hemisphere was probably due to recent human-mediated introductions.
format	article
author	Bang Feng Jianping Xu Gang Wu Md Iqbal Hosen Nian-Kai Zeng Yan-Chun Li Bau Tolgor Gerhard W Kost Zhu L Yang
author_facet	Bang Feng Jianping Xu Gang Wu Md Iqbal Hosen Nian-Kai Zeng Yan-Chun Li Bau Tolgor Gerhard W Kost Zhu L Yang
author_sort	Bang Feng
title	DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
title_short	DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
title_full	DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
title_fullStr	DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
title_full_unstemmed	DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
title_sort	dna sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/a4372bdf1b584decb2238b6aba77bb1a
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DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.

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