Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties

Rice farming in coastal areas is often victim to flooding as a result of climate change. Low-cost adaptation strategies are required to increase resilience and rice productivity in these flood-prone coastal areas. In this study, enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizers, combined with sele...

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Autores principales:	Tualar Simarmata, Muhamad Khais Prayoga, Mieke R. Setiawati, Kustiwa Adinata, Silke Stöber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizer saline-tolerant varieties rice farming flood coastal area Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a43a334816c2499690d0523e5141d2cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a43a334816c2499690d0523e5141d2cd2021-11-11T19:51:06ZImproving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties10.3390/su1321123082071-1050https://doaj.org/article/a43a334816c2499690d0523e5141d2cd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12308https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Rice farming in coastal areas is often victim to flooding as a result of climate change. Low-cost adaptation strategies are required to increase resilience and rice productivity in these flood-prone coastal areas. In this study, enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizers, combined with selected stress-tolerant rice varieties, were tested in farmers’ fields in Pangandaran, West Java from June to October 2020. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EAE in increasing the yield of different rice varieties. The research was arranged as a split-plot design with five replications. The main plot was the EAE application (T1 = 3 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> compost and T2 = 3 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> compost + 10 L ha<sup>−1</sup> of EAE), and the sub-plots were stress-tolerant rice varieties (V1 = Inpari 43, V2 = Mawar, V3 = Inpari 30, V4 = Inpara 03, V5 = Mendawak). The application of EAE of 10 L ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly affected the rice grain yield, which was 37.06% higher than that of the control plot. The average grain yield of the five varieties under EAE treatment (5.51 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>) was greater than the grain yield of local farmers’ fields (3.78−4.97 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>). Inpari 43 had the highest grain yield with 5.90 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>, but the yield was not significantly different from the Mendawak variety (4.90 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>). This result suggests that EAE and selected stress-tolerant rice varieties (Inpari 43 or Mendawak) are an effective adaptation strategy to increase rice farms’ resilience and productivity in coastal areas prone to flooding.Tualar SimarmataMuhamad Khais PrayogaMieke R. SetiawatiKustiwa AdinataSilke StöberMDPI AGarticleenriched Azolla extract (EAE)liquid biofertilizersaline-tolerant varietiesrice farmingfloodcoastal areaEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12308, p 12308 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizer saline-tolerant varieties rice farming flood coastal area Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizer saline-tolerant varieties rice farming flood coastal area Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Tualar Simarmata Muhamad Khais Prayoga Mieke R. Setiawati Kustiwa Adinata Silke Stöber Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
description	Rice farming in coastal areas is often victim to flooding as a result of climate change. Low-cost adaptation strategies are required to increase resilience and rice productivity in these flood-prone coastal areas. In this study, enriched Azolla extract (EAE) liquid biofertilizers, combined with selected stress-tolerant rice varieties, were tested in farmers’ fields in Pangandaran, West Java from June to October 2020. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EAE in increasing the yield of different rice varieties. The research was arranged as a split-plot design with five replications. The main plot was the EAE application (T1 = 3 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> compost and T2 = 3 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> compost + 10 L ha<sup>−1</sup> of EAE), and the sub-plots were stress-tolerant rice varieties (V1 = Inpari 43, V2 = Mawar, V3 = Inpari 30, V4 = Inpara 03, V5 = Mendawak). The application of EAE of 10 L ha<sup>−1</sup> significantly affected the rice grain yield, which was 37.06% higher than that of the control plot. The average grain yield of the five varieties under EAE treatment (5.51 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>) was greater than the grain yield of local farmers’ fields (3.78−4.97 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>). Inpari 43 had the highest grain yield with 5.90 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>, but the yield was not significantly different from the Mendawak variety (4.90 ton ha<sup>−1</sup>). This result suggests that EAE and selected stress-tolerant rice varieties (Inpari 43 or Mendawak) are an effective adaptation strategy to increase rice farms’ resilience and productivity in coastal areas prone to flooding.
format	article
author	Tualar Simarmata Muhamad Khais Prayoga Mieke R. Setiawati Kustiwa Adinata Silke Stöber
author_facet	Tualar Simarmata Muhamad Khais Prayoga Mieke R. Setiawati Kustiwa Adinata Silke Stöber
author_sort	Tualar Simarmata
title	Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
title_short	Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
title_full	Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
title_fullStr	Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
title_full_unstemmed	Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties
title_sort	improving the climate resilience of rice farming in flood-prone areas through azolla biofertilizer and saline-tolerant varieties
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a43a334816c2499690d0523e5141d2cd
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Improving the Climate Resilience of Rice Farming in Flood-Prone Areas through Azolla Biofertilizer and Saline-Tolerant Varieties

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