Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain

This paper proposes a holistic vision of the urban metabolism (UM), viewing the city as a subsystem within an industrial ecosystem (IE) in which municipal-industrial symbiosis is essential to achieve sustainability goals. For this purpose, the metabolism of a large Spanish city, Zaragoza, was studie...

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Autores principales:	Antonio Valero, Jorge Torrubia, Miguel Ángel Anía, Alicia Torres
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	urban metabolism MSW management carbon footprint industrial symbiosis household’s behavior Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a43ee7fb5eb44f4d91c075e3998df4e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a43ee7fb5eb44f4d91c075e3998df4e52021-11-25T19:03:50ZAssessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain10.3390/su1322127242071-1050https://doaj.org/article/a43ee7fb5eb44f4d91c075e3998df4e52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12724https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050This paper proposes a holistic vision of the urban metabolism (UM), viewing the city as a subsystem within an industrial ecosystem (IE) in which municipal-industrial symbiosis is essential to achieve sustainability goals. For this purpose, the metabolism of a large Spanish city, Zaragoza, was studied by analyzing the main fractions of its MSW. A methodology based on carbon footprint (CF) was developed to analyze the environmental impact—in terms of CO<sub>2</sub>—of the influence of households’ behavior, the City Council’s strategies, and the main MSW fractions. Zaragoza’s IE represents a footprint of 931,250 CO<sub>2</sub> tons for the fractions studied, of which 438,000 CO<sub>2</sub> tons are due to organic fraction, 180,371 to plastics and 154,607 to paper and cardboard, which are the three most significant contributors. If households selectively separated 100% of their waste, the footprint would drop to 648,660 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, monetary savings were quantified through the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions price. The proposed methodology accounts for the CF of the whole IE, not just the city. Moreover, it enables the creation of Sankey diagrams to visualize the distribution of emissions of each subsystem, highlighting the importance of cooperation between the city and its recycling industries to reduce its CF.Antonio ValeroJorge TorrubiaMiguel Ángel AníaAlicia TorresMDPI AGarticleurban metabolismMSW managementcarbon footprintindustrial symbiosishousehold’s behaviorEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12724, p 12724 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	urban metabolism MSW management carbon footprint industrial symbiosis household’s behavior Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	urban metabolism MSW management carbon footprint industrial symbiosis household’s behavior Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Antonio Valero Jorge Torrubia Miguel Ángel Anía Alicia Torres Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
description	This paper proposes a holistic vision of the urban metabolism (UM), viewing the city as a subsystem within an industrial ecosystem (IE) in which municipal-industrial symbiosis is essential to achieve sustainability goals. For this purpose, the metabolism of a large Spanish city, Zaragoza, was studied by analyzing the main fractions of its MSW. A methodology based on carbon footprint (CF) was developed to analyze the environmental impact—in terms of CO<sub>2</sub>—of the influence of households’ behavior, the City Council’s strategies, and the main MSW fractions. Zaragoza’s IE represents a footprint of 931,250 CO<sub>2</sub> tons for the fractions studied, of which 438,000 CO<sub>2</sub> tons are due to organic fraction, 180,371 to plastics and 154,607 to paper and cardboard, which are the three most significant contributors. If households selectively separated 100% of their waste, the footprint would drop to 648,660 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, monetary savings were quantified through the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions price. The proposed methodology accounts for the CF of the whole IE, not just the city. Moreover, it enables the creation of Sankey diagrams to visualize the distribution of emissions of each subsystem, highlighting the importance of cooperation between the city and its recycling industries to reduce its CF.
format	article
author	Antonio Valero Jorge Torrubia Miguel Ángel Anía Alicia Torres
author_facet	Antonio Valero Jorge Torrubia Miguel Ángel Anía Alicia Torres
author_sort	Antonio Valero
title	Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
title_short	Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
title_full	Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
title_fullStr	Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain
title_sort	assessing urban metabolism through msw carbon footprint and conceptualizing municipal-industrial symbiosis—the case of zaragoza city, spain
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a43ee7fb5eb44f4d91c075e3998df4e5
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Assessing Urban Metabolism through MSW Carbon Footprint and Conceptualizing Municipal-Industrial Symbiosis—The Case of Zaragoza City, Spain

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