The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches

Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of premature mortality among women and it is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumours worldwide. For this reason, routine screening for prevention and early diagnosis is important for the quality of life of patients. Breast cancer cells can enter...

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Autores principales:	Gianfranco Natale, Michael E. J. Stouthandel, Tom Van Hoof, Guido Bocci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breast cancer lymphatic system lymphatic metastasis sentinel lymph node anticancer drugs Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a44b379b79c34dcbb63c21427c95e48c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a44b379b79c34dcbb63c21427c95e48c2021-11-25T18:19:09ZThe Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches10.3390/medicina571112721648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/a44b379b79c34dcbb63c21427c95e48c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1272https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of premature mortality among women and it is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumours worldwide. For this reason, routine screening for prevention and early diagnosis is important for the quality of life of patients. Breast cancer cells can enter blood and lymphatic capillaries, then metastasizing to the regional lymph nodes in the axilla and to both visceral and non-visceral sites. Rather than at the primary site, they seem to enter the systemic circulation mainly through the sentinel lymph node and the biopsy of this indicator can influence the axillary dissection during the surgical approach to the pathology. Furthermore, secondary lymphoedema is another important issue for women following breast cancer surgical treatment or radiotherapy. Considering these fundamental aspects, the present article aims to describe new methodological approaches to assess the anatomy of the lymphatic network in the axillary region, as well as the molecular and physiological control of lymphatic vessel function, in order to understand how the lymphatic system contributes to breast cancer disease. Due to their clinical implications, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing lymph node metastasis in breast cancer are also examined. Beyond the investigation of breast lymphatic networks and lymphatic molecular mechanisms, the discovery of new effective anti-lymphangiogenic drugs for future clinical settings appears essential to support any future development in the treatment of breast cancer.Gianfranco NataleMichael E. J. StouthandelTom Van HoofGuido BocciMDPI AGarticlebreast cancerlymphatic systemlymphatic metastasissentinel lymph nodeanticancer drugsMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1272, p 1272 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breast cancer lymphatic system lymphatic metastasis sentinel lymph node anticancer drugs Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	breast cancer lymphatic system lymphatic metastasis sentinel lymph node anticancer drugs Medicine (General) R5-920 Gianfranco Natale Michael E. J. Stouthandel Tom Van Hoof Guido Bocci The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
description	Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of premature mortality among women and it is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumours worldwide. For this reason, routine screening for prevention and early diagnosis is important for the quality of life of patients. Breast cancer cells can enter blood and lymphatic capillaries, then metastasizing to the regional lymph nodes in the axilla and to both visceral and non-visceral sites. Rather than at the primary site, they seem to enter the systemic circulation mainly through the sentinel lymph node and the biopsy of this indicator can influence the axillary dissection during the surgical approach to the pathology. Furthermore, secondary lymphoedema is another important issue for women following breast cancer surgical treatment or radiotherapy. Considering these fundamental aspects, the present article aims to describe new methodological approaches to assess the anatomy of the lymphatic network in the axillary region, as well as the molecular and physiological control of lymphatic vessel function, in order to understand how the lymphatic system contributes to breast cancer disease. Due to their clinical implications, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing lymph node metastasis in breast cancer are also examined. Beyond the investigation of breast lymphatic networks and lymphatic molecular mechanisms, the discovery of new effective anti-lymphangiogenic drugs for future clinical settings appears essential to support any future development in the treatment of breast cancer.
format	article
author	Gianfranco Natale Michael E. J. Stouthandel Tom Van Hoof Guido Bocci
author_facet	Gianfranco Natale Michael E. J. Stouthandel Tom Van Hoof Guido Bocci
author_sort	Gianfranco Natale
title	The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
title_short	The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
title_full	The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
title_fullStr	The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
title_full_unstemmed	The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches
title_sort	lymphatic system in breast cancer: anatomical and molecular approaches
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a44b379b79c34dcbb63c21427c95e48c
work_keys_str_mv	AT gianfranconatale thelymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT michaelejstouthandel thelymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT tomvanhoof thelymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT guidobocci thelymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT gianfranconatale lymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT michaelejstouthandel lymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT tomvanhoof lymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches AT guidobocci lymphaticsysteminbreastcanceranatomicalandmolecularapproaches
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The Lymphatic System in Breast Cancer: Anatomical and Molecular Approaches

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