Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task

Background: Stress adversely affects the attentional focus, the active concentration on stimuli, and increases susceptibility to distraction. To experimentally explore the susceptibility to distraction, the Attention Modulation by Salience Task (AMST) is a validated paradigm measuring reaction times...

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Autores principales:	Kathrin Mayer, Marina Krylova, Sarah Alizadeh, Hamidreza Jamalabadi, Johan van der Meer, Johannes C. Vester, Britta Naschold, Myron Schultz, Martin Walter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Neurexan natural medicine stress attention modulation reaction time ERP Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a453c37051a04fa284b5eda08039bdb7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a453c37051a04fa284b5eda08039bdb72021-12-01T13:58:40ZNx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.746215https://doaj.org/article/a453c37051a04fa284b5eda08039bdb72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746215/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: Stress adversely affects the attentional focus, the active concentration on stimuli, and increases susceptibility to distraction. To experimentally explore the susceptibility to distraction, the Attention Modulation by Salience Task (AMST) is a validated paradigm measuring reaction times (RT) for processing auditory information while presenting task-irrelevant visual distractors of high or low salience. We extended the AMST by an emotional dimension of distractors and an EEG-based evaluation. We then investigated the effect of the stress-relieving medication Neurexan (Nx4) on the participants' susceptibility to distraction.Methods: Data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (NEURIM study; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02602275) were exploratively reanalyzed post-hoc. In this trial, 39 participants received a single dose of placebo or Nx4 immediately before the AMST. Participants had to discriminate two different tone modulations (ascending or descending) while simultaneously perceiving task-irrelevant pictures of different salience (high or low) or valence (negative or positive) as distractors. Using EEG recordings, RT and the event-related potential (ERP) components N1, N2, and N3 were analyzed as markers for susceptibility to distraction.Results: In the placebo condition, we could replicate the previously reported task effects of salient distractors with longer RT for high salient distractors on the behavioral level. On the electrophysiological level, we observed significantly increased amplitudes of the N2 and N3 ERP components for positive emotional pictures. In terms of drug effect, we found evidence that Nx4 reduced distractibility by emotional distractors. The effect was shown by significantly reduced amplitudes of N2 and N3 ERP components and reduced RT for the positive valence domain under Nx4 compared to placebo. The Nx4 effects on RT and ERP components also showed a significant correlation.Conclusion: Emotional distractors in addition to the previously used salience distractors and the EEG based evaluation of ERPs valuably complement the AMST. Salient distractors were affecting attentional processes earlier, while valent distractors show modulatory effects later. Our results suggest that Nx4 has beneficial effects on attention by inhibiting the effect of task-irrelevant information and reducing susceptibility to emotionally distracting stimuli. The observation of a beneficial impact of Nx4 on attention regulation is supportive of Nx4's claim as a stress-relieving medication.Kathrin MayerMarina KrylovaMarina KrylovaSarah AlizadehSarah AlizadehHamidreza JamalabadiHamidreza JamalabadiJohan van der MeerJohannes C. VesterBritta NascholdMyron SchultzMartin WalterMartin WalterFrontiers Media S.A.articleNeurexannatural medicinestressattention modulationreaction timeERPPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurexan natural medicine stress attention modulation reaction time ERP Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	Neurexan natural medicine stress attention modulation reaction time ERP Psychiatry RC435-571 Kathrin Mayer Marina Krylova Marina Krylova Sarah Alizadeh Sarah Alizadeh Hamidreza Jamalabadi Hamidreza Jamalabadi Johan van der Meer Johannes C. Vester Britta Naschold Myron Schultz Martin Walter Martin Walter Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
description	Background: Stress adversely affects the attentional focus, the active concentration on stimuli, and increases susceptibility to distraction. To experimentally explore the susceptibility to distraction, the Attention Modulation by Salience Task (AMST) is a validated paradigm measuring reaction times (RT) for processing auditory information while presenting task-irrelevant visual distractors of high or low salience. We extended the AMST by an emotional dimension of distractors and an EEG-based evaluation. We then investigated the effect of the stress-relieving medication Neurexan (Nx4) on the participants' susceptibility to distraction.Methods: Data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (NEURIM study; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02602275) were exploratively reanalyzed post-hoc. In this trial, 39 participants received a single dose of placebo or Nx4 immediately before the AMST. Participants had to discriminate two different tone modulations (ascending or descending) while simultaneously perceiving task-irrelevant pictures of different salience (high or low) or valence (negative or positive) as distractors. Using EEG recordings, RT and the event-related potential (ERP) components N1, N2, and N3 were analyzed as markers for susceptibility to distraction.Results: In the placebo condition, we could replicate the previously reported task effects of salient distractors with longer RT for high salient distractors on the behavioral level. On the electrophysiological level, we observed significantly increased amplitudes of the N2 and N3 ERP components for positive emotional pictures. In terms of drug effect, we found evidence that Nx4 reduced distractibility by emotional distractors. The effect was shown by significantly reduced amplitudes of N2 and N3 ERP components and reduced RT for the positive valence domain under Nx4 compared to placebo. The Nx4 effects on RT and ERP components also showed a significant correlation.Conclusion: Emotional distractors in addition to the previously used salience distractors and the EEG based evaluation of ERPs valuably complement the AMST. Salient distractors were affecting attentional processes earlier, while valent distractors show modulatory effects later. Our results suggest that Nx4 has beneficial effects on attention by inhibiting the effect of task-irrelevant information and reducing susceptibility to emotionally distracting stimuli. The observation of a beneficial impact of Nx4 on attention regulation is supportive of Nx4's claim as a stress-relieving medication.
format	article
author	Kathrin Mayer Marina Krylova Marina Krylova Sarah Alizadeh Sarah Alizadeh Hamidreza Jamalabadi Hamidreza Jamalabadi Johan van der Meer Johannes C. Vester Britta Naschold Myron Schultz Martin Walter Martin Walter
author_facet	Kathrin Mayer Marina Krylova Marina Krylova Sarah Alizadeh Sarah Alizadeh Hamidreza Jamalabadi Hamidreza Jamalabadi Johan van der Meer Johannes C. Vester Britta Naschold Myron Schultz Martin Walter Martin Walter
author_sort	Kathrin Mayer
title	Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
title_short	Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
title_full	Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
title_fullStr	Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
title_full_unstemmed	Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task
title_sort	nx4 reduced susceptibility to distraction in an attention modulation task
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a453c37051a04fa284b5eda08039bdb7
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Nx4 Reduced Susceptibility to Distraction in an Attention Modulation Task

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