Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India

The mass accumulation of population in the larger cities of India has led to accelerated and unprecedented peripheral urban expansion over the last few decades. This rapid peripheral growth is characterized by an uncontrolled, low density, fragmented and haphazard patchwork of development popularly...

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Autores principales:	Sk Mithun, Mehebub Sahana, Subrata Chattopadhyay, Brian Alan Johnson, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Ram Avtar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	land use and land cover change detection landscape metrics Kolkata Metropolitan Area urban growth dynamics SDG 11.3 Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a457f493480f4178962e3826589bbd6a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a457f493480f4178962e3826589bbd6a2021-11-11T18:56:07ZMonitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India10.3390/rs132144232072-4292https://doaj.org/article/a457f493480f4178962e3826589bbd6a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4423https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The mass accumulation of population in the larger cities of India has led to accelerated and unprecedented peripheral urban expansion over the last few decades. This rapid peripheral growth is characterized by an uncontrolled, low density, fragmented and haphazard patchwork of development popularly known as urban sprawl. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) has been one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in India and is experiencing rampant suburbanization and peripheral expansion. Hence, understanding urban growth and its dynamics in these rapidly changing environments is critical for city planners and resource managers. Furthermore, understanding urban expansion and urban growth patterns are essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable urbanization as defined by the United Nations in the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDGs, 11.3). The present research attempts to quantify and model the urban growth dynamics of large and diverse metropolitan areas with a distinct methodology considering the case of KMA. In the study, land use and land cover (LULC) maps of KMA were prepared for three different years (i.e., for 1996, 2006, and 2016) through the classification of Landsat imagery using a support vector machine (SVM) classification approach. Then, change detection analysis, landscape metrics, a concentric zone approach, and Shannon’s entropy approach were applied for spatiotemporal assessment and quantification of urban growth in KMA. The achieved classification accuracies were found to be 89.75%, 92.00%, and 92.75%, with corresponding Kappa values of 0.879, 0.904, and 0.912 for 1996, 2006, and 2016, respectively. It is concluded that KMA has been experiencing typical urban sprawl. The peri-urban areas (i.e., KMA-rural) are growing rapidly, and are characterized by leapfrogging and fragmented built-up area development, compared to the central KMA (i.e., KMA-urban), which has become more compact in recent years.Sk MithunMehebub SahanaSubrata ChattopadhyayBrian Alan JohnsonKhaled Mohamed KhedherRam AvtarMDPI AGarticleland use and land coverchange detectionlandscape metricsKolkata Metropolitan Areaurban growth dynamicsSDG 11.3ScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4423, p 4423 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	land use and land cover change detection landscape metrics Kolkata Metropolitan Area urban growth dynamics SDG 11.3 Science Q
spellingShingle	land use and land cover change detection landscape metrics Kolkata Metropolitan Area urban growth dynamics SDG 11.3 Science Q Sk Mithun Mehebub Sahana Subrata Chattopadhyay Brian Alan Johnson Khaled Mohamed Khedher Ram Avtar Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
description	The mass accumulation of population in the larger cities of India has led to accelerated and unprecedented peripheral urban expansion over the last few decades. This rapid peripheral growth is characterized by an uncontrolled, low density, fragmented and haphazard patchwork of development popularly known as urban sprawl. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) has been one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in India and is experiencing rampant suburbanization and peripheral expansion. Hence, understanding urban growth and its dynamics in these rapidly changing environments is critical for city planners and resource managers. Furthermore, understanding urban expansion and urban growth patterns are essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable urbanization as defined by the United Nations in the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDGs, 11.3). The present research attempts to quantify and model the urban growth dynamics of large and diverse metropolitan areas with a distinct methodology considering the case of KMA. In the study, land use and land cover (LULC) maps of KMA were prepared for three different years (i.e., for 1996, 2006, and 2016) through the classification of Landsat imagery using a support vector machine (SVM) classification approach. Then, change detection analysis, landscape metrics, a concentric zone approach, and Shannon’s entropy approach were applied for spatiotemporal assessment and quantification of urban growth in KMA. The achieved classification accuracies were found to be 89.75%, 92.00%, and 92.75%, with corresponding Kappa values of 0.879, 0.904, and 0.912 for 1996, 2006, and 2016, respectively. It is concluded that KMA has been experiencing typical urban sprawl. The peri-urban areas (i.e., KMA-rural) are growing rapidly, and are characterized by leapfrogging and fragmented built-up area development, compared to the central KMA (i.e., KMA-urban), which has become more compact in recent years.
format	article
author	Sk Mithun Mehebub Sahana Subrata Chattopadhyay Brian Alan Johnson Khaled Mohamed Khedher Ram Avtar
author_facet	Sk Mithun Mehebub Sahana Subrata Chattopadhyay Brian Alan Johnson Khaled Mohamed Khedher Ram Avtar
author_sort	Sk Mithun
title	Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
title_short	Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
title_full	Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
title_fullStr	Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
title_full_unstemmed	Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
title_sort	monitoring metropolitan growth dynamics for achieving sustainable urbanization (sdg 11.3) in kolkata metropolitan area, india
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a457f493480f4178962e3826589bbd6a
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Monitoring Metropolitan Growth Dynamics for Achieving Sustainable Urbanization (SDG 11.3) in Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India

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