Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>

ABSTRACT Expression of a capsular polysaccharide is considered a hallmark of most invasive species of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which the capsule is among the principal virulence factors and is the basis for successful vaccines. Consequently, it was previously assumed that cap...

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Autores principales:	Uffe B. Skov Sørensen, Kaihu Yao, Yonghong Yang, Hervé Tettelin, Mogens Kilian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a48520fd748145499ed9b6338d042bbe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a48520fd748145499ed9b6338d042bbe2021-11-15T15:50:15ZCapsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>10.1128/mBio.01844-162150-7511https://doaj.org/article/a48520fd748145499ed9b6338d042bbe2016-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01844-16https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Expression of a capsular polysaccharide is considered a hallmark of most invasive species of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which the capsule is among the principal virulence factors and is the basis for successful vaccines. Consequently, it was previously assumed that capsule production distinguishes S. pneumoniae from closely related commensals of the mitis group streptococci. Based on antigenic and genetic analyses of 187 mitis group streptococci, including 90 recognized serotypes of S. pneumoniae, we demonstrated capsule production by the Wzy/Wzx pathway in 74% of 66 S. mitis strains and in virtually all tested strains of S. oralis (subspecies oralis, dentisani, and tigurinus) and S. infantis. Additional analyses of genomes of S. cristatus, S. parasanguinis, S. australis, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus revealed complete capsular biosynthesis (cps) loci in all strains tested. Truncated cps loci were detected in three strains of S. pseudopneumoniae, in 26% of S. mitis strains, and in a single S. oralis strain. The level of sequence identities of cps locus genes confirmed that the structural polymorphism of capsular polysaccharides in S. pneumoniae evolved by import of cps fragments from commensal Streptococcus species, resulting in a mosaic of genes of different origins. The demonstrated antigenic identity of at least eight of the numerous capsular polysaccharide structures expressed by commensal streptococci with recognized serotypes of S. pneumoniae raises concerns about potential misidentifications in addition to important questions concerning the consequences for vaccination and host-parasite relationships both for the commensals and for the pathogen. IMPORTANCE Expression of a capsular polysaccharide is among the principal virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is the basis for successful vaccines against infections caused by this important pathogen. Contrasting with previous assumptions, this study showed that expression of capsular polysaccharides by the same genetic mechanisms is a general property of closely related species of streptococci that form a significant part of our commensal microbiota. The demonstrated antigenic identity of many capsular polysaccharides expressed by commensal streptococci and S. pneumoniae raises important questions concerning the consequences for vaccination and host-parasite relationships both for the commensals and the pathogen.Uffe B. Skov SørensenKaihu YaoYonghong YangHervé TettelinMogens KilianAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 6 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Uffe B. Skov Sørensen Kaihu Yao Yonghong Yang Hervé Tettelin Mogens Kilian Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Expression of a capsular polysaccharide is considered a hallmark of most invasive species of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which the capsule is among the principal virulence factors and is the basis for successful vaccines. Consequently, it was previously assumed that capsule production distinguishes S. pneumoniae from closely related commensals of the mitis group streptococci. Based on antigenic and genetic analyses of 187 mitis group streptococci, including 90 recognized serotypes of S. pneumoniae, we demonstrated capsule production by the Wzy/Wzx pathway in 74% of 66 S. mitis strains and in virtually all tested strains of S. oralis (subspecies oralis, dentisani, and tigurinus) and S. infantis. Additional analyses of genomes of S. cristatus, S. parasanguinis, S. australis, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus revealed complete capsular biosynthesis (cps) loci in all strains tested. Truncated cps loci were detected in three strains of S. pseudopneumoniae, in 26% of S. mitis strains, and in a single S. oralis strain. The level of sequence identities of cps locus genes confirmed that the structural polymorphism of capsular polysaccharides in S. pneumoniae evolved by import of cps fragments from commensal Streptococcus species, resulting in a mosaic of genes of different origins. The demonstrated antigenic identity of at least eight of the numerous capsular polysaccharide structures expressed by commensal streptococci with recognized serotypes of S. pneumoniae raises concerns about potential misidentifications in addition to important questions concerning the consequences for vaccination and host-parasite relationships both for the commensals and for the pathogen. IMPORTANCE Expression of a capsular polysaccharide is among the principal virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae and is the basis for successful vaccines against infections caused by this important pathogen. Contrasting with previous assumptions, this study showed that expression of capsular polysaccharides by the same genetic mechanisms is a general property of closely related species of streptococci that form a significant part of our commensal microbiota. The demonstrated antigenic identity of many capsular polysaccharides expressed by commensal streptococci and S. pneumoniae raises important questions concerning the consequences for vaccination and host-parasite relationships both for the commensals and the pathogen.
format	article
author	Uffe B. Skov Sørensen Kaihu Yao Yonghong Yang Hervé Tettelin Mogens Kilian
author_facet	Uffe B. Skov Sørensen Kaihu Yao Yonghong Yang Hervé Tettelin Mogens Kilian
author_sort	Uffe B. Skov Sørensen
title	Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
title_short	Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
title_full	Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
title_fullStr	Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
title_sort	capsular polysaccharide expression in commensal <italic toggle="yes">streptococcus</italic> species: genetic and antigenic similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/a48520fd748145499ed9b6338d042bbe
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Capsular Polysaccharide Expression in Commensal <italic toggle="yes">Streptococcus</italic> Species: Genetic and Antigenic Similarities to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>

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