Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia

Irma M Puspitasari,1,2,* Rano K Sinuraya,1,2,* Cherry Rahayu,3 Witriani Witriani,4 Uzlifatul Zannah,1 Auliani Hafifah,1 Ajeng R Ningtyas,1 Hilda Vildayanti1 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence i...

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Autores principales:	Puspitasari IM, Sinuraya RK, Rahayu C, Witriani W, Zannah U, Hafifah A, Ningtyas AR, Vildayanti H
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	schizophrenia bipolar disorder depression anxiety disorders medication profile cost estimation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a489395072ec4b6ea234f7ddd9e90d44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a489395072ec4b6ea234f7ddd9e90d442021-12-02T09:33:00ZMedication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/a489395072ec4b6ea234f7ddd9e90d442020-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/medication-profile-and-treatment-cost-estimation-among-outpatients-wit-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Irma M Puspitasari,1,2,* Rano K Sinuraya,1,2,* Cherry Rahayu,3 Witriani Witriani,4 Uzlifatul Zannah,1 Auliani Hafifah,1 Ajeng R Ningtyas,1 Hilda Vildayanti1 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 3Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Irma M PuspitasariDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java, Jatinangor 45363, IndonesiaTel +62 22 84288888 (Ext 3510)Email irma.melyani@unpad.ac.idPurpose: The present retrospective study aimed to determine the medication profile and estimate the treatment costs from medical records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders from a healthcare perspective at a national referral hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2018.Methods: Medical records (including medical and administrative data) of 357 new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders were collected from the hospital information system. The records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders aged > 18 years and had only received drugs for treatment were included. The medication profile was descriptively assessed, and estimated costs were calculated based on direct costs from a healthcare perspective.Results: Overall, 173 medical records were further analyzed. The main drugs administered to the new outpatients were atypical and typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics for depression, and antidepressants and benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders. The average annual treatment costs per patient were IDR 3,307,931 (USD 236) for schizophrenia, IDR 17,978,865 (USD 1,284) for bipolar disorder, IDR 1,601,850 (USD 114) for depression, and IDR 1,190,563 (USD 85) for anxiety disorders.Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed drugs for schizophrenia were haloperidol and risperidone; for bipolar disorders, sodium divalproex and risperidone; for depression, fluoxetine and sertraline; and for anxiety disorders, sertraline and lorazepam. Considering the high prevalence and estimated treatment costs for mental disorders, special attention is required to prevent an increase in their prevalence in Indonesia.Keywords: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, medication profile, cost estimationPuspitasari IMSinuraya RKRahayu CWitriani WZannah UHafifah ANingtyas ARVildayanti HDove Medical Pressarticleschizophreniabipolar disorderdepressionanxiety disordersmedication profilecost estimationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 16, Pp 815-828 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	schizophrenia bipolar disorder depression anxiety disorders medication profile cost estimation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	schizophrenia bipolar disorder depression anxiety disorders medication profile cost estimation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Puspitasari IM Sinuraya RK Rahayu C Witriani W Zannah U Hafifah A Ningtyas AR Vildayanti H Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
description	Irma M Puspitasari,1,2,* Rano K Sinuraya,1,2,* Cherry Rahayu,3 Witriani Witriani,4 Uzlifatul Zannah,1 Auliani Hafifah,1 Ajeng R Ningtyas,1 Hilda Vildayanti1 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 2Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia; 3Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Irma M PuspitasariDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, West Java, Jatinangor 45363, IndonesiaTel +62 22 84288888 (Ext 3510)Email irma.melyani@unpad.ac.idPurpose: The present retrospective study aimed to determine the medication profile and estimate the treatment costs from medical records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders from a healthcare perspective at a national referral hospital in Indonesia from 2016 to 2018.Methods: Medical records (including medical and administrative data) of 357 new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders were collected from the hospital information system. The records of new outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders aged > 18 years and had only received drugs for treatment were included. The medication profile was descriptively assessed, and estimated costs were calculated based on direct costs from a healthcare perspective.Results: Overall, 173 medical records were further analyzed. The main drugs administered to the new outpatients were atypical and typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia, atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics for depression, and antidepressants and benzodiazepines for anxiety disorders. The average annual treatment costs per patient were IDR 3,307,931 (USD 236) for schizophrenia, IDR 17,978,865 (USD 1,284) for bipolar disorder, IDR 1,601,850 (USD 114) for depression, and IDR 1,190,563 (USD 85) for anxiety disorders.Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed drugs for schizophrenia were haloperidol and risperidone; for bipolar disorders, sodium divalproex and risperidone; for depression, fluoxetine and sertraline; and for anxiety disorders, sertraline and lorazepam. Considering the high prevalence and estimated treatment costs for mental disorders, special attention is required to prevent an increase in their prevalence in Indonesia.Keywords: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, medication profile, cost estimation
format	article
author	Puspitasari IM Sinuraya RK Rahayu C Witriani W Zannah U Hafifah A Ningtyas AR Vildayanti H
author_facet	Puspitasari IM Sinuraya RK Rahayu C Witriani W Zannah U Hafifah A Ningtyas AR Vildayanti H
author_sort	Puspitasari IM
title	Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
title_short	Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
title_full	Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
title_fullStr	Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed	Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia
title_sort	medication profile and treatment cost estimation among outpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders in indonesia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/a489395072ec4b6ea234f7ddd9e90d44
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Medication Profile and Treatment Cost Estimation Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders in Indonesia

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