The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis

Most studies examining correlations between the gut microbiota and disease states focus on fecal samples due to ease of collection, yet there are distinct differences when compared to samples collected from the colonic mucosa. Although fecal microbiota has been reported to be altered in cirrhosis, c...

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Autores principales:	Ting-Chin David Shen, Scott G. Daniel, Shivali Patel, Emily Kaplan, Lillian Phung, Kaylin Lemelle-Thomas, Lillian Chau, Lindsay Herman, Calvin Trisolini, Aimee Stonelake, Emily Toal, Vandana Khungar, Kyle Bittinger, K. Rajender Reddy, Gary D. Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	alcohol-related cirrhosis gut microbiota mucosal microbiome rectal swab Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a4bea65e70f947e8b199e47588c98138
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a4bea65e70f947e8b199e47588c981382021-11-26T11:19:48ZThe Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis1949-09761949-098410.1080/19490976.2021.1987781https://doaj.org/article/a4bea65e70f947e8b199e47588c981382021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1987781https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0976https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0984Most studies examining correlations between the gut microbiota and disease states focus on fecal samples due to ease of collection, yet there are distinct differences when compared to samples collected from the colonic mucosa. Although fecal microbiota has been reported to be altered in cirrhosis, correlation with mucosal microbiota characterized via rectal swab has not been previously described in this patient population. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using 39 stool and 39 rectal swabs from adult patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Bacterial growth studies were performed with Escherichia coli. Two asaccharolytic bacterial taxa, Finegoldia magna and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, were increased in rectal swabs relative to stool (FDR < 0.01). Genomic analysis of the microbiome revealed 58 genes and 16 pathways that differed between stool and rectal swabs (FDR < 0.05), where rectal swabs were enriched for pathways associated with protein synthesis and cellular proliferation but decreased in carbohydrate metabolism. Although no features in the fecal microbiome differentiated cirrhosis etiologies, the mucosal microbiome revealed decreased abundances of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae in alcohol-related cirrhosis relative to non-alcohol related cirrhosis (FDR < 0.05). In vitro bacterial culture studies showed that physiological concentrations of ethanol and its oxidative metabolites inhibited E. coli growth in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner. Characterization of the mucosally associated gut microbiome via rectal swab revealed findings consistent with amino acid/nitrogen abundance versus carbohydrate limitation in the mucosal microenvironment as well as unique features of alcohol-related cirrhosis possibly consistent with the influence of host-derived metabolites on the composition of mucosally adherent microbiota.Ting-Chin David ShenScott G. DanielShivali PatelEmily KaplanLillian PhungKaylin Lemelle-ThomasLillian ChauLindsay HermanCalvin TrisoliniAimee StonelakeEmily ToalVandana KhungarKyle BittingerK. Rajender ReddyGary D. WuTaylor & Francis Grouparticlealcohol-related cirrhosisgut microbiotamucosal microbiomerectal swabDiseases of the digestive system. GastroenterologyRC799-869ENGut Microbes, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alcohol-related cirrhosis gut microbiota mucosal microbiome rectal swab Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
spellingShingle	alcohol-related cirrhosis gut microbiota mucosal microbiome rectal swab Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869 Ting-Chin David Shen Scott G. Daniel Shivali Patel Emily Kaplan Lillian Phung Kaylin Lemelle-Thomas Lillian Chau Lindsay Herman Calvin Trisolini Aimee Stonelake Emily Toal Vandana Khungar Kyle Bittinger K. Rajender Reddy Gary D. Wu The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
description	Most studies examining correlations between the gut microbiota and disease states focus on fecal samples due to ease of collection, yet there are distinct differences when compared to samples collected from the colonic mucosa. Although fecal microbiota has been reported to be altered in cirrhosis, correlation with mucosal microbiota characterized via rectal swab has not been previously described in this patient population. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using 39 stool and 39 rectal swabs from adult patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Bacterial growth studies were performed with Escherichia coli. Two asaccharolytic bacterial taxa, Finegoldia magna and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, were increased in rectal swabs relative to stool (FDR < 0.01). Genomic analysis of the microbiome revealed 58 genes and 16 pathways that differed between stool and rectal swabs (FDR < 0.05), where rectal swabs were enriched for pathways associated with protein synthesis and cellular proliferation but decreased in carbohydrate metabolism. Although no features in the fecal microbiome differentiated cirrhosis etiologies, the mucosal microbiome revealed decreased abundances of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae in alcohol-related cirrhosis relative to non-alcohol related cirrhosis (FDR < 0.05). In vitro bacterial culture studies showed that physiological concentrations of ethanol and its oxidative metabolites inhibited E. coli growth in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner. Characterization of the mucosally associated gut microbiome via rectal swab revealed findings consistent with amino acid/nitrogen abundance versus carbohydrate limitation in the mucosal microenvironment as well as unique features of alcohol-related cirrhosis possibly consistent with the influence of host-derived metabolites on the composition of mucosally adherent microbiota.
format	article
author	Ting-Chin David Shen Scott G. Daniel Shivali Patel Emily Kaplan Lillian Phung Kaylin Lemelle-Thomas Lillian Chau Lindsay Herman Calvin Trisolini Aimee Stonelake Emily Toal Vandana Khungar Kyle Bittinger K. Rajender Reddy Gary D. Wu
author_facet	Ting-Chin David Shen Scott G. Daniel Shivali Patel Emily Kaplan Lillian Phung Kaylin Lemelle-Thomas Lillian Chau Lindsay Herman Calvin Trisolini Aimee Stonelake Emily Toal Vandana Khungar Kyle Bittinger K. Rajender Reddy Gary D. Wu
author_sort	Ting-Chin David Shen
title	The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
title_short	The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
title_full	The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
title_fullStr	The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
title_full_unstemmed	The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis
title_sort	mucosally-adherent rectal microbiota contains features unique to alcohol-related cirrhosis
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a4bea65e70f947e8b199e47588c98138
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The Mucosally-Adherent Rectal Microbiota Contains Features Unique to Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis

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