Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials

Friction between Swedish paper yarn and needles is a limiting factor that—together with the low yarn flexibility—is hindering the knitting and use of paper yarn as a sustainable textile material. To enhance the knittability, paper yarn was coated with textile finishing materials. The effect of six d...

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Autores principales:	Felicia Syrén, Gabriella Andersson Drugge, Joel Peterson, Nawar Kadi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	paper yarn natural fibers sustainability knitting Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a4e5b902328b4380b2df56303d608750
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a4e5b902328b4380b2df56303d6087502021-11-11T18:41:54ZEnhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials10.3390/polym132136282073-4360https://doaj.org/article/a4e5b902328b4380b2df56303d6087502021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3628https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Friction between Swedish paper yarn and needles is a limiting factor that—together with the low yarn flexibility—is hindering the knitting and use of paper yarn as a sustainable textile material. To enhance the knittability, paper yarn was coated with textile finishing materials. The effect of six different textile finishing materials used for textiles processing (three different silicone-based, wax, glycerol, and soap) was evaluated. The treatment evaluation was done by determination of the friction coefficient, tensile testing, and knitting. The friction coefficient was determined by an adaption from the ASTM D3108-07 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material. The adaption meant using a specially designed rig, making it possible to simulate the yarn/needle friction during the knitting process and use a tensile testing machine to determine the friction coefficient. Through using the same angle for yarn movement during the knitting process in this adaptation, the effect of the flexibility of paper on the friction coefficient is integrated. Tensile testing was performed using a Tensolab 2512A/2512C electromechanical tensile tester, and knitting tests were performed using a Stoll CMS 822 HP knit and wear flat knitting machine with the E5.2 gauge. The results show that knittability is better for the yarns with lower coefficients of friction and can also be enhanced by spraying with regular water. The tensile properties of the yarn is degraded by the treatments. The wax- and soap-treated yarns were most challenging to knit. The silicone-based and glycerol-treated yarns showed enhanced knittability, where the glycerol treatment results in more protruding fibers compared to the other treatments. All treatments reduced the roughness in the feel of the knit. The results indicate that the Swedish paper yarn can be a future sustainable complement to polyester and cotton.Felicia SyrénGabriella Andersson DruggeJoel PetersonNawar KadiMDPI AGarticlepaper yarnnatural fiberssustainabilityknittingOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3628, p 3628 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	paper yarn natural fibers sustainability knitting Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	paper yarn natural fibers sustainability knitting Organic chemistry QD241-441 Felicia Syrén Gabriella Andersson Drugge Joel Peterson Nawar Kadi Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
description	Friction between Swedish paper yarn and needles is a limiting factor that—together with the low yarn flexibility—is hindering the knitting and use of paper yarn as a sustainable textile material. To enhance the knittability, paper yarn was coated with textile finishing materials. The effect of six different textile finishing materials used for textiles processing (three different silicone-based, wax, glycerol, and soap) was evaluated. The treatment evaluation was done by determination of the friction coefficient, tensile testing, and knitting. The friction coefficient was determined by an adaption from the ASTM D3108-07 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material. The adaption meant using a specially designed rig, making it possible to simulate the yarn/needle friction during the knitting process and use a tensile testing machine to determine the friction coefficient. Through using the same angle for yarn movement during the knitting process in this adaptation, the effect of the flexibility of paper on the friction coefficient is integrated. Tensile testing was performed using a Tensolab 2512A/2512C electromechanical tensile tester, and knitting tests were performed using a Stoll CMS 822 HP knit and wear flat knitting machine with the E5.2 gauge. The results show that knittability is better for the yarns with lower coefficients of friction and can also be enhanced by spraying with regular water. The tensile properties of the yarn is degraded by the treatments. The wax- and soap-treated yarns were most challenging to knit. The silicone-based and glycerol-treated yarns showed enhanced knittability, where the glycerol treatment results in more protruding fibers compared to the other treatments. All treatments reduced the roughness in the feel of the knit. The results indicate that the Swedish paper yarn can be a future sustainable complement to polyester and cotton.
format	article
author	Felicia Syrén Gabriella Andersson Drugge Joel Peterson Nawar Kadi
author_facet	Felicia Syrén Gabriella Andersson Drugge Joel Peterson Nawar Kadi
author_sort	Felicia Syrén
title	Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
title_short	Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
title_full	Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
title_fullStr	Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials
title_sort	enhanced knittability of paper yarn from the swedish forest by using textile finishing materials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a4e5b902328b4380b2df56303d608750
work_keys_str_mv	AT feliciasyren enhancedknittabilityofpaperyarnfromtheswedishforestbyusingtextilefinishingmaterials AT gabriellaanderssondrugge enhancedknittabilityofpaperyarnfromtheswedishforestbyusingtextilefinishingmaterials AT joelpeterson enhancedknittabilityofpaperyarnfromtheswedishforestbyusingtextilefinishingmaterials AT nawarkadi enhancedknittabilityofpaperyarnfromtheswedishforestbyusingtextilefinishingmaterials
_version_	1718431778900803584

Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials

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