The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes

Abstract Koala populations in many areas of Australia have declined sharply in response to habitat loss, disease and the effects of climate change. Koalas may face further morbidity from endemic mosquito-borne viruses, but the impact of such viruses is currently unknown. Few seroprevalence studies i...

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Autores principales:	Brian J. Johnson, Amy Robbins, Narayan Gyawali, Oselyne Ong, Joanne Loader, Amanda K. Murphy, Jon Hanger, Gregor J. Devine
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a4f04381c7fb48848bf41036916ac99e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a4f04381c7fb48848bf41036916ac99e2021-12-02T13:34:32ZThe environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes10.1038/s41598-021-83919-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a4f04381c7fb48848bf41036916ac99e2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83919-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Koala populations in many areas of Australia have declined sharply in response to habitat loss, disease and the effects of climate change. Koalas may face further morbidity from endemic mosquito-borne viruses, but the impact of such viruses is currently unknown. Few seroprevalence studies in the wild exist and little is known of the determinants of exposure. Here, we exploited a large, spatially and temporally explicit koala survey to define the intensity of Ross River Virus (RRV) exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal environments in southeast Queensland, Australia. We demonstrate that RRV exposure in koalas is much higher (> 80%) than reported in other sero-surveys and that exposure is uniform across the urban coastal landscape. Uniformity in exposure is related to the presence of the major RRV mosquito vector, Culex annulirostris, and similarities in animal movement, tree use, and age-dependent increases in exposure risk. Elevated exposure ultimately appears to result from the confinement of remaining coastal koala habitat to the edges of permanent wetlands unsuitable for urban development and which produce large numbers of competent mosquito vectors. The results further illustrate that koalas and other RRV-susceptible vertebrates may serve as useful sentinels of human urban exposure in endemic areas.Brian J. JohnsonAmy RobbinsNarayan GyawaliOselyne OngJoanne LoaderAmanda K. MurphyJon HangerGregor J. DevineNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Brian J. Johnson Amy Robbins Narayan Gyawali Oselyne Ong Joanne Loader Amanda K. Murphy Jon Hanger Gregor J. Devine The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
description	Abstract Koala populations in many areas of Australia have declined sharply in response to habitat loss, disease and the effects of climate change. Koalas may face further morbidity from endemic mosquito-borne viruses, but the impact of such viruses is currently unknown. Few seroprevalence studies in the wild exist and little is known of the determinants of exposure. Here, we exploited a large, spatially and temporally explicit koala survey to define the intensity of Ross River Virus (RRV) exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal environments in southeast Queensland, Australia. We demonstrate that RRV exposure in koalas is much higher (> 80%) than reported in other sero-surveys and that exposure is uniform across the urban coastal landscape. Uniformity in exposure is related to the presence of the major RRV mosquito vector, Culex annulirostris, and similarities in animal movement, tree use, and age-dependent increases in exposure risk. Elevated exposure ultimately appears to result from the confinement of remaining coastal koala habitat to the edges of permanent wetlands unsuitable for urban development and which produce large numbers of competent mosquito vectors. The results further illustrate that koalas and other RRV-susceptible vertebrates may serve as useful sentinels of human urban exposure in endemic areas.
format	article
author	Brian J. Johnson Amy Robbins Narayan Gyawali Oselyne Ong Joanne Loader Amanda K. Murphy Jon Hanger Gregor J. Devine
author_facet	Brian J. Johnson Amy Robbins Narayan Gyawali Oselyne Ong Joanne Loader Amanda K. Murphy Jon Hanger Gregor J. Devine
author_sort	Brian J. Johnson
title	The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
title_short	The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
title_full	The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
title_fullStr	The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
title_full_unstemmed	The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
title_sort	environmental and ecological determinants of elevated ross river virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a4f04381c7fb48848bf41036916ac99e
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The environmental and ecological determinants of elevated Ross River Virus exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal landscapes

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