A Comparative Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antineoplastic Potential of <i>Rauwolfia serpentina</i> (L.) Leaf Extract with Its Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (R-AuNPs)
<i>Rauwolfia serpentina</i> (<i>R. serpentina</i>), belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a renowned medicinal herb for its different pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative characteristics. This study has done...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/a4f8645678b5428882caf8b440e0d367 |
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| Sumario: | <i>Rauwolfia serpentina</i> (<i>R. serpentina</i>), belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a renowned medicinal herb for its different pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative characteristics. This study has done a comparative assessment of the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity of <i>R. serpentina</i> aqueous leaf extract (RSALE) with encapsulated gold nanoparticles (R-AuNPs). The R-AuNPs are prepared so that they are significant in size, monodispersed, and extremely stable. Their characterization was done by numerous parameters, including UV-visible spectroscopy (528 nm), transmission electron microscopy (~17 d. nm), dynamic light scattering (~68 d. nm), and zeta-potential (~−17 mV). Subsequently, a potent antibacterial activity was depicted via RSALE and R-AuNPs when examined by disc diffusion against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The obtained zones of inhibition of RSALE (100 mg/mL) were 34 ± 0.1, 35 ± 0.1, 28.4 ± 0.01, and 18 ± 0.01, although those of R-AuNPs (15 mg/mL) were 24.4 ± 0.12, 22 ± 0.07, 20 ± 0.16, and 17 ± 0.3 against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC 25923), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (MTCC 8114), and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (ATCC 19615), respectively. However, no zone of inhibition was obtained when tested against <i>Proteus vulgaris</i> (MTCC 1771). Furthermore, the obtained MIC values for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were 0.91, 0.61, and 1.15 mg/mL; for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 0.79, 0.36, and 1.02 mg/mL; for <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 0.42, 0.27, and 0.474 mg/mL; and for <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, 7.67, 3.86, and 8.5 mg/mL of pure RSALE, R-AuNPs, and Amoxicillin (control), respectively, incorporating that R-AuNPs have been shown to have a 1.4-fold, 2.1-fold, 1.5-fold, and 1.9-fold enhanced antibacterial activity in contrast to pure RSALE tested against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, and <i>Proteus vulgaris</i>, respectively. Additionally, an enhanced antioxidant potential was detected in R-AuNPs compared to RSALE evaluated by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl Radical Scavenging (DPPH) Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The determined IC 50 values of RSALE and R-AuNPs were 0.131 ± 0.05 and 0.184 ± 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.110 ± 0.1 and 0.106 ± 0.24 mg/mL via the FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively. In addition, the anti-cancer activity against the human cervical cancer (Hela) cell line was evaluated, and the MTT assay results revealed that R-AuNPs (IC<sub>50</sub> 88.3 µg/mL) had an enhanced anti-cancer potential in contrast to RSALE (171.5 µg/mL). Subsequently, the findings of this study indicated that <i>R. serpentina</i> leaves and their nanoformulation can be used as a potent source for the treatment of the above-mentioned complications and can be used as a possible agent for novel target-based therapies for the management of different ailments. |
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