Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data

The average kappa coefficient of a binary diagnostic test is a parameter that measures the average beyond-chance agreement between the diagnostic test and the gold standard. This parameter depends on the accuracy of the diagnostic test and also on the disease prevalence. This article studies the com...

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Autores principales:	José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes, Saad Bouh Regad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	EM algorithm partial verification SEM algorithm Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5007fc287a54716bcda14f26e91c1ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5007fc287a54716bcda14f26e91c1ce2021-11-11T18:21:28ZComparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data10.3390/math92128342227-7390https://doaj.org/article/a5007fc287a54716bcda14f26e91c1ce2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/21/2834https://doaj.org/toc/2227-7390The average kappa coefficient of a binary diagnostic test is a parameter that measures the average beyond-chance agreement between the diagnostic test and the gold standard. This parameter depends on the accuracy of the diagnostic test and also on the disease prevalence. This article studies the comparison of the average kappa coefficients of two binary diagnostic tests when the gold standard is not applied to all individuals in a random sample. In this situation, known as partial disease verification, the disease status of some individuals is a missing piece of data. Assuming that the missing data mechanism is missing at random, the comparison of the average kappa coefficients is solved by applying two computational methods: the EM algorithm and the SEM algorithm. With the EM algorithm the parameters are estimated and with the SEM algorithm their variances-covariances are estimated. Simulation experiments have been carried out to study the sizes and powers of the hypothesis tests studied, obtaining that the proposed method has good asymptotic behavior. A function has been written in R to solve the proposed problem, and the results obtained have been applied to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.José Antonio Roldán-NofuentesSaad Bouh RegadMDPI AGarticleEM algorithmpartial verificationSEM algorithmMathematicsQA1-939ENMathematics, Vol 9, Iss 2834, p 2834 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	EM algorithm partial verification SEM algorithm Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	EM algorithm partial verification SEM algorithm Mathematics QA1-939 José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes Saad Bouh Regad Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
description	The average kappa coefficient of a binary diagnostic test is a parameter that measures the average beyond-chance agreement between the diagnostic test and the gold standard. This parameter depends on the accuracy of the diagnostic test and also on the disease prevalence. This article studies the comparison of the average kappa coefficients of two binary diagnostic tests when the gold standard is not applied to all individuals in a random sample. In this situation, known as partial disease verification, the disease status of some individuals is a missing piece of data. Assuming that the missing data mechanism is missing at random, the comparison of the average kappa coefficients is solved by applying two computational methods: the EM algorithm and the SEM algorithm. With the EM algorithm the parameters are estimated and with the SEM algorithm their variances-covariances are estimated. Simulation experiments have been carried out to study the sizes and powers of the hypothesis tests studied, obtaining that the proposed method has good asymptotic behavior. A function has been written in R to solve the proposed problem, and the results obtained have been applied to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
format	article
author	José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes Saad Bouh Regad
author_facet	José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes Saad Bouh Regad
author_sort	José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes
title	Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
title_short	Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
title_full	Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
title_fullStr	Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data
title_sort	comparison of the average kappa coefficients of two binary diagnostic tests with missing data
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5007fc287a54716bcda14f26e91c1ce
work_keys_str_mv	AT joseantonioroldannofuentes comparisonoftheaveragekappacoefficientsoftwobinarydiagnostictestswithmissingdata AT saadbouhregad comparisonoftheaveragekappacoefficientsoftwobinarydiagnostictestswithmissingdata
_version_	1718431902670520320

Comparison of the Average Kappa Coefficients of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests with Missing Data

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