Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers
Inositol stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) ingestion has been reported to increase nitric oxide levels while inositol (I) has been reported to enhance neurotransmission. The current study examined whether acute ASI + I (Inositol-enhanced bonded arginine silicate) ingestion affects cognitive functio...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:a548741f45c94d73872612305611d0302021-11-25T18:33:49ZEffects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers10.3390/nu131137582072-6643https://doaj.org/article/a548741f45c94d73872612305611d0302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3758https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Inositol stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) ingestion has been reported to increase nitric oxide levels while inositol (I) has been reported to enhance neurotransmission. The current study examined whether acute ASI + I (Inositol-enhanced bonded arginine silicate) ingestion affects cognitive function in e-sport gamers. In a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, and crossover trial, 26 healthy male (n = 18) and female (n = 8) experienced gamers (23 ± 5 years, 171 ± 11 cm, 71.1 ± 14 kg, 20.7 ± 3.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned to consume 1600 mg of ASI + I (nooLVL<sup>®</sup>, Nutrition 21) or 1600 mg of a maltodextrin placebo (PLA). Prior to testing, participants recorded their diet, refrained from consuming atypical amounts of stimulants and foods high in arginine and nitrates, and fasted for 8 h. During testing sessions, participants completed stimulant sensitivity questionnaires and performed cognitive function tests (i.e., Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting task test, Go/No-Go test, Sternberg Task Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test, Cambridge Brain Sciences Reasoning and Concentration test) and a light reaction test. Participants then ingested treatments in a randomized manner. Fifteen minutes following ingestion, participants repeated tests (Pre-Game). Participants then played their favorite video game for 1-h and repeated the battery of tests (Post-Game). Participants observed a 7–14-day washout period and then replicated the study with the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using weight as a covariate, paired <i>t</i>-tests (not adjusted to weight), and mean changes from baseline with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Pairwise comparison revealed that there was a significant improvement in Sternberg Mean Present Reaction Time (ASI + I vs. PLA; <i>p</i> < 0.05). In Post-Game assessments, 4-letter Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 6-letter Present Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.01), 6-letter Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.01), Mean Present Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.02), and Mean Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.03) were improved with ASI + I vs. PLA. There was a non-significant trend in Pre-Game Sternberg 4-letter Present Reaction time in ASI + I vs. PLA (<i>p</i> < 0.07). ASI + I ingestion better maintained changes in Go/No-Go Mean Accuracy and Reaction Time, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Reaction Time, and Cambridge Post-Game Visio-spatial Processing and Planning. Results provide evidence that ASI + I ingestion prior to playing video games may enhance some measures of short-term and working memory, reaction time, reasoning, and concentration in experienced gamers.Ryan SowinskiDrew GonzalezDante XingChoongsung YooVictoria JenkinsKay NottinghamBroderick DickersonMegan HumphriesMegan LeonardJoungbo KoMark FariesWesley KephartChristopher J. RasmussenRichard B. KreiderMDPI AGarticleesportscognitionmemoryreaction timeattentionvigilanceNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3758, p 3758 (2021) |
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esports cognition memory reaction time attention vigilance Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 |
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esports cognition memory reaction time attention vigilance Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Ryan Sowinski Drew Gonzalez Dante Xing Choongsung Yoo Victoria Jenkins Kay Nottingham Broderick Dickerson Megan Humphries Megan Leonard Joungbo Ko Mark Faries Wesley Kephart Christopher J. Rasmussen Richard B. Kreider Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| description |
Inositol stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) ingestion has been reported to increase nitric oxide levels while inositol (I) has been reported to enhance neurotransmission. The current study examined whether acute ASI + I (Inositol-enhanced bonded arginine silicate) ingestion affects cognitive function in e-sport gamers. In a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, and crossover trial, 26 healthy male (n = 18) and female (n = 8) experienced gamers (23 ± 5 years, 171 ± 11 cm, 71.1 ± 14 kg, 20.7 ± 3.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly assigned to consume 1600 mg of ASI + I (nooLVL<sup>®</sup>, Nutrition 21) or 1600 mg of a maltodextrin placebo (PLA). Prior to testing, participants recorded their diet, refrained from consuming atypical amounts of stimulants and foods high in arginine and nitrates, and fasted for 8 h. During testing sessions, participants completed stimulant sensitivity questionnaires and performed cognitive function tests (i.e., Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting task test, Go/No-Go test, Sternberg Task Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test, Cambridge Brain Sciences Reasoning and Concentration test) and a light reaction test. Participants then ingested treatments in a randomized manner. Fifteen minutes following ingestion, participants repeated tests (Pre-Game). Participants then played their favorite video game for 1-h and repeated the battery of tests (Post-Game). Participants observed a 7–14-day washout period and then replicated the study with the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using weight as a covariate, paired <i>t</i>-tests (not adjusted to weight), and mean changes from baseline with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Pairwise comparison revealed that there was a significant improvement in Sternberg Mean Present Reaction Time (ASI + I vs. PLA; <i>p</i> < 0.05). In Post-Game assessments, 4-letter Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.05), 6-letter Present Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.01), 6-letter Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.01), Mean Present Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.02), and Mean Absent Reaction Time (<i>p</i> < 0.03) were improved with ASI + I vs. PLA. There was a non-significant trend in Pre-Game Sternberg 4-letter Present Reaction time in ASI + I vs. PLA (<i>p</i> < 0.07). ASI + I ingestion better maintained changes in Go/No-Go Mean Accuracy and Reaction Time, Psychomotor Vigilance Task Reaction Time, and Cambridge Post-Game Visio-spatial Processing and Planning. Results provide evidence that ASI + I ingestion prior to playing video games may enhance some measures of short-term and working memory, reaction time, reasoning, and concentration in experienced gamers. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Ryan Sowinski Drew Gonzalez Dante Xing Choongsung Yoo Victoria Jenkins Kay Nottingham Broderick Dickerson Megan Humphries Megan Leonard Joungbo Ko Mark Faries Wesley Kephart Christopher J. Rasmussen Richard B. Kreider |
| author_facet |
Ryan Sowinski Drew Gonzalez Dante Xing Choongsung Yoo Victoria Jenkins Kay Nottingham Broderick Dickerson Megan Humphries Megan Leonard Joungbo Ko Mark Faries Wesley Kephart Christopher J. Rasmussen Richard B. Kreider |
| author_sort |
Ryan Sowinski |
| title |
Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| title_short |
Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| title_full |
Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| title_fullStr |
Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Inositol-Enhanced Bonded Arginine Silicate Ingestion on Cognitive and Executive Function in Gamers |
| title_sort |
effects of inositol-enhanced bonded arginine silicate ingestion on cognitive and executive function in gamers |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/a548741f45c94d73872612305611d030 |
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