Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Chiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-H...

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Autores principales:	Zullian C, Dodelet-Devillers A, Roy S, Vachon P
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	Ambystoma mexicanum MS-222 immersion bath physiological changes anesthetic effects Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a2021-12-02T05:19:51ZEvaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a2016-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/evaluation-of-the-anesthetic-effects-of-ms222-in-the-adult-mexican-axo-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034Chiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, 2Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract: The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a unique research model in several fields of medicine, where surgical and invasive procedures may be required. As yet, little is known about the efficacy of MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), which is the most commonly used anesthetic agent in amphibians. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the anesthetic effects and physiological changes in adult axolotls following a 20-minute immersion bath, containing progressive MS222 concentrations starting at 0.1%. Depth of anesthesia and physiological changes were evaluated every 15 minutes post-MS222 exposure with the following parameters: righting behavior, withdrawal reflex, acetic acid test response, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as cloacal and body surface temperatures. A 20-minute exposure in a 0.1% MS222 immersion bath (n=6 animals) had no anesthetic effects on adult axolotls after 20 minutes of exposure. With a 0.2% MS222 solution, all axolotls (n=9) were deeply anesthetized at 15 minutes, and 80% were still unresponsive at 30 minutes postexposure. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were slightly, but significantly, increased when compared with the baseline value and remained stable up to recovery. There was no significant increase in surface and cloaca temperatures, compared with baseline. With the 0.4% MS222 solution, the duration of anesthesia lasted for 90 minutes to at least 120 minutes (n=3 animals) and this concentration was deemed too high. In conclusion, a 20-minute immersion bath with 0.2% MS222 may be used for short procedures (15–30 minutes) requiring anesthesia of adult axolotls. Keywords: Ambystoma mexicanum, axolotl, amphibians, anesthesia, painZullian CDodelet-Devillers ARoy SVachon PDove Medical PressarticleAmbystoma mexicanumMS-222immersion bathphysiological changesanesthetic effectsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol 2016, Iss Issue 1, Pp 1-7 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ambystoma mexicanum MS-222 immersion bath physiological changes anesthetic effects Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Ambystoma mexicanum MS-222 immersion bath physiological changes anesthetic effects Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
description	Chiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, 2Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract: The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a unique research model in several fields of medicine, where surgical and invasive procedures may be required. As yet, little is known about the efficacy of MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), which is the most commonly used anesthetic agent in amphibians. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the anesthetic effects and physiological changes in adult axolotls following a 20-minute immersion bath, containing progressive MS222 concentrations starting at 0.1%. Depth of anesthesia and physiological changes were evaluated every 15 minutes post-MS222 exposure with the following parameters: righting behavior, withdrawal reflex, acetic acid test response, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as cloacal and body surface temperatures. A 20-minute exposure in a 0.1% MS222 immersion bath (n=6 animals) had no anesthetic effects on adult axolotls after 20 minutes of exposure. With a 0.2% MS222 solution, all axolotls (n=9) were deeply anesthetized at 15 minutes, and 80% were still unresponsive at 30 minutes postexposure. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were slightly, but significantly, increased when compared with the baseline value and remained stable up to recovery. There was no significant increase in surface and cloaca temperatures, compared with baseline. With the 0.4% MS222 solution, the duration of anesthesia lasted for 90 minutes to at least 120 minutes (n=3 animals) and this concentration was deemed too high. In conclusion, a 20-minute immersion bath with 0.2% MS222 may be used for short procedures (15–30 minutes) requiring anesthesia of adult axolotls. Keywords: Ambystoma mexicanum, axolotl, amphibians, anesthesia, pain
format	article
author	Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P
author_facet	Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P
author_sort	Zullian C
title	Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
title_short	Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
title_full	Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
title_fullStr	Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
title_sort	evaluation of the anesthetic effects of ms222 in the adult mexican axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum)
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a
work_keys_str_mv	AT zullianc evaluationoftheanestheticeffectsofms222intheadultmexicanaxolotlambystomamexicanum AT dodeletdevillersa evaluationoftheanestheticeffectsofms222intheadultmexicanaxolotlambystomamexicanum AT roys evaluationoftheanestheticeffectsofms222intheadultmexicanaxolotlambystomamexicanum AT vachonp evaluationoftheanestheticeffectsofms222intheadultmexicanaxolotlambystomamexicanum
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Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

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