Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?

Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In f...

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Autores principales:	Susanne Kessler, Timm C. Harder, Martin Schwemmle, Kevin Ciminski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	influenza A viruses zoonosis livestock farming pandemic animal-human interface avian influenza Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a556749dc48e422a989103d43b571f95
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a556749dc48e422a989103d43b571f952021-11-25T19:13:46ZInfluenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?10.3390/v131122501999-4915https://doaj.org/article/a556749dc48e422a989103d43b571f952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2250https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In fact, zoonotic transmissions are strongly facilitated by manmade reservoirs that were created through the intensification and industrialization of livestock farming. This can be witnessed by the repeated introduction of IAVs from natural reservoirs of aquatic wild bird metapopulations into swine and poultry, and the accompanied emergence of partially- or fully-adapted human pathogenic viruses. On the other side, human adapted IAV have been (and still are) introduced into livestock by reverse zoonotic transmission. This link to manmade reservoirs was also observed before the 20th century, when horses seemed to have been an important reservoir for IAVs but lost relevance when the populations declined due to increasing industrialization. Therefore, to reduce zoonotic events, it is important to control the spread of IAV within these animal reservoirs, for example with efficient vaccination strategies, but also to critically surveil the different manmade reservoirs to evaluate the emergence of new IAV strains with pandemic potential.Susanne KesslerTimm C. HarderMartin SchwemmleKevin CiminskiMDPI AGarticleinfluenza A viruseszoonosislivestock farmingpandemicanimal-human interfaceavian influenzaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2250, p 2250 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	influenza A viruses zoonosis livestock farming pandemic animal-human interface avian influenza Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	influenza A viruses zoonosis livestock farming pandemic animal-human interface avian influenza Microbiology QR1-502 Susanne Kessler Timm C. Harder Martin Schwemmle Kevin Ciminski Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
description	Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In fact, zoonotic transmissions are strongly facilitated by manmade reservoirs that were created through the intensification and industrialization of livestock farming. This can be witnessed by the repeated introduction of IAVs from natural reservoirs of aquatic wild bird metapopulations into swine and poultry, and the accompanied emergence of partially- or fully-adapted human pathogenic viruses. On the other side, human adapted IAV have been (and still are) introduced into livestock by reverse zoonotic transmission. This link to manmade reservoirs was also observed before the 20th century, when horses seemed to have been an important reservoir for IAVs but lost relevance when the populations declined due to increasing industrialization. Therefore, to reduce zoonotic events, it is important to control the spread of IAV within these animal reservoirs, for example with efficient vaccination strategies, but also to critically surveil the different manmade reservoirs to evaluate the emergence of new IAV strains with pandemic potential.
format	article
author	Susanne Kessler Timm C. Harder Martin Schwemmle Kevin Ciminski
author_facet	Susanne Kessler Timm C. Harder Martin Schwemmle Kevin Ciminski
author_sort	Susanne Kessler
title	Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
title_short	Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
title_full	Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
title_fullStr	Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
title_full_unstemmed	Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
title_sort	influenza a viruses and zoonotic events—are we creating our own reservoirs?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a556749dc48e422a989103d43b571f95
work_keys_str_mv	AT susannekessler influenzaavirusesandzoonoticeventsarewecreatingourownreservoirs AT timmcharder influenzaavirusesandzoonoticeventsarewecreatingourownreservoirs AT martinschwemmle influenzaavirusesandzoonoticeventsarewecreatingourownreservoirs AT kevinciminski influenzaavirusesandzoonoticeventsarewecreatingourownreservoirs
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Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?

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