Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Background: Rotavirus is a type of virus that lacks the membranous layer (envelope); belonging to the family Reoviridae. Rotavirus derived its name from its characteristic appearance of a wheel like structure, as revealed by electron microscopy. This virus has been known for many years as the causa...

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Autores principales:	Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa, Osalumense Shadrach Okhuebor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Jinnah University for Women 2021
Materias:	Causative agent, Envelope, Gastroenteritis, Microscopy, Rotavirus, Reoviridae. Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a55cf1d18c8647f08d8a56b0d57b53ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a55cf1d18c8647f08d8a56b0d57b53ba2021-11-25T06:47:16ZPublic Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis10.37962/jbas.v12i1.3002305-87222521-8573https://doaj.org/article/a55cf1d18c8647f08d8a56b0d57b53ba2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jbas.juw.edu.pk/index.php/JBAS/article/view/300https://doaj.org/toc/2305-8722https://doaj.org/toc/2521-8573 Background: Rotavirus is a type of virus that lacks the membranous layer (envelope); belonging to the family Reoviridae. Rotavirus derived its name from its characteristic appearance of a wheel like structure, as revealed by electron microscopy. This virus has been known for many years as the causative agent of inflamed stomach and intestines among children, which can spread by fecal-oral transmission and clearly exhibit itself with abdominal pains, increased urge to vomit, headache, feeling of discomfort, fever and severe diarrhea. Therefore, treatment of the infection is primarily targeted. There are two vaccines; Rotarix and RotaTeq, have been developed to stop the viral infection. The administration of Lactobacillus spp. is an additional treatment regime, to reduce the time of the severe stooling. Objectives: To review and compare the public health consequences of rotavirus gastroenteritis around various communities. Methodology: Detailed analysis of existing literature on rotavirus gastroenteritis together information on its structure, symptoms, pathology and treatment have been generated. All the relevant articles published from 1962 to 2020 were looked over numerous sources like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: After due review, it was observed that rotavirus associated gastritis is most prevalent amongst infants and young children who come in contact with reservoirs and contaminants. The replacement of fluids and electrolytes remain the mainstay for its treatment. Vaccination, along with improved personal hygiene both for the infected and their care givers are the most important methods of preventing the transmission of rotavirus infections. It was also seen that some parts of Africa contributes the highest occurrence rates of rotavirus infections and that infant mortalities recorded annually that are associated with diarrhea are mostly caused by rotavirus. Conclusion: Rotavirus is the most isolated agent associated with inflamed stomach and intestine (gastroenteritis) in infants and young children with high fatality rate, and it is very contagious. Frequent washing of hands must be encouraged especially in schools, day care facilities, hospitals and other public places to reduce its spread. Osazee Ekundayo IzevbuwaOsalumense Shadrach OkhueborJinnah University for WomenarticleCausative agent, Envelope, Gastroenteritis, Microscopy, Rotavirus, Reoviridae.MedicineRBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENRADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Science, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Causative agent, Envelope, Gastroenteritis, Microscopy, Rotavirus, Reoviridae. Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Causative agent, Envelope, Gastroenteritis, Microscopy, Rotavirus, Reoviridae. Medicine R Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa Osalumense Shadrach Okhuebor Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
description	Background: Rotavirus is a type of virus that lacks the membranous layer (envelope); belonging to the family Reoviridae. Rotavirus derived its name from its characteristic appearance of a wheel like structure, as revealed by electron microscopy. This virus has been known for many years as the causative agent of inflamed stomach and intestines among children, which can spread by fecal-oral transmission and clearly exhibit itself with abdominal pains, increased urge to vomit, headache, feeling of discomfort, fever and severe diarrhea. Therefore, treatment of the infection is primarily targeted. There are two vaccines; Rotarix and RotaTeq, have been developed to stop the viral infection. The administration of Lactobacillus spp. is an additional treatment regime, to reduce the time of the severe stooling. Objectives: To review and compare the public health consequences of rotavirus gastroenteritis around various communities. Methodology: Detailed analysis of existing literature on rotavirus gastroenteritis together information on its structure, symptoms, pathology and treatment have been generated. All the relevant articles published from 1962 to 2020 were looked over numerous sources like Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: After due review, it was observed that rotavirus associated gastritis is most prevalent amongst infants and young children who come in contact with reservoirs and contaminants. The replacement of fluids and electrolytes remain the mainstay for its treatment. Vaccination, along with improved personal hygiene both for the infected and their care givers are the most important methods of preventing the transmission of rotavirus infections. It was also seen that some parts of Africa contributes the highest occurrence rates of rotavirus infections and that infant mortalities recorded annually that are associated with diarrhea are mostly caused by rotavirus. Conclusion: Rotavirus is the most isolated agent associated with inflamed stomach and intestine (gastroenteritis) in infants and young children with high fatality rate, and it is very contagious. Frequent washing of hands must be encouraged especially in schools, day care facilities, hospitals and other public places to reduce its spread.
format	article
author	Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa Osalumense Shadrach Okhuebor
author_facet	Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa Osalumense Shadrach Okhuebor
author_sort	Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa
title	Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
title_short	Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
title_full	Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
title_fullStr	Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
title_full_unstemmed	Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
title_sort	public health significance of rotavirus gastroenteritis
publisher	Jinnah University for Women
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a55cf1d18c8647f08d8a56b0d57b53ba
work_keys_str_mv	AT osazeeekundayoizevbuwa publichealthsignificanceofrotavirusgastroenteritis AT osalumenseshadrachokhuebor publichealthsignificanceofrotavirusgastroenteritis
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Public Health Significance of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

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