Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.

Freshwater scarcity is a growing concern, placing considerable importance on the accuracy of indicators used to characterize and map water scarcity worldwide. We improve upon past efforts by using estimates of blue water footprints (consumptive use of ground- and surface water flows) rather than wat...

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Autores principales:	Arjen Y Hoekstra, Mesfin M Mekonnen, Ashok K Chapagain, Ruth E Mathews, Brian D Richter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a56ba3e1f76f4129a088795795f165cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a56ba3e1f76f4129a088795795f165cb2021-11-18T07:26:22ZGlobal monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032688https://doaj.org/article/a56ba3e1f76f4129a088795795f165cb2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22393438/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Freshwater scarcity is a growing concern, placing considerable importance on the accuracy of indicators used to characterize and map water scarcity worldwide. We improve upon past efforts by using estimates of blue water footprints (consumptive use of ground- and surface water flows) rather than water withdrawals, accounting for the flows needed to sustain critical ecological functions and by considering monthly rather than annual values. We analyzed 405 river basins for the period 1996-2005. In 201 basins with 2.67 billion inhabitants there was severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year. The ecological and economic consequences of increasing degrees of water scarcity--as evidenced by the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo), Indus, and Murray-Darling River Basins--can include complete desiccation during dry seasons, decimation of aquatic biodiversity, and substantial economic disruption.Arjen Y HoekstraMesfin M MekonnenAshok K ChapagainRuth E MathewsBrian D RichterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e32688 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arjen Y Hoekstra Mesfin M Mekonnen Ashok K Chapagain Ruth E Mathews Brian D Richter Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
description	Freshwater scarcity is a growing concern, placing considerable importance on the accuracy of indicators used to characterize and map water scarcity worldwide. We improve upon past efforts by using estimates of blue water footprints (consumptive use of ground- and surface water flows) rather than water withdrawals, accounting for the flows needed to sustain critical ecological functions and by considering monthly rather than annual values. We analyzed 405 river basins for the period 1996-2005. In 201 basins with 2.67 billion inhabitants there was severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year. The ecological and economic consequences of increasing degrees of water scarcity--as evidenced by the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo), Indus, and Murray-Darling River Basins--can include complete desiccation during dry seasons, decimation of aquatic biodiversity, and substantial economic disruption.
format	article
author	Arjen Y Hoekstra Mesfin M Mekonnen Ashok K Chapagain Ruth E Mathews Brian D Richter
author_facet	Arjen Y Hoekstra Mesfin M Mekonnen Ashok K Chapagain Ruth E Mathews Brian D Richter
author_sort	Arjen Y Hoekstra
title	Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
title_short	Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
title_full	Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
title_fullStr	Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
title_full_unstemmed	Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
title_sort	global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/a56ba3e1f76f4129a088795795f165cb
work_keys_str_mv	AT arjenyhoekstra globalmonthlywaterscarcitybluewaterfootprintsversusbluewateravailability AT mesfinmmekonnen globalmonthlywaterscarcitybluewaterfootprintsversusbluewateravailability AT ashokkchapagain globalmonthlywaterscarcitybluewaterfootprintsversusbluewateravailability AT ruthemathews globalmonthlywaterscarcitybluewaterfootprintsversusbluewateravailability AT briandrichter globalmonthlywaterscarcitybluewaterfootprintsversusbluewateravailability
_version_	1718423492275208192

Global monthly water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability.

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