Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes

From a mechanical viewpoint, petioles of foliage leaves are subject to contradictory mechanical requirements. High flexural rigidity guarantees support of the lamina and low torsional rigidity ensures streamlining of the leaves in wind. This mechanical trade-off between flexural and torsional rigidi...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Max Langer, Mark C. Kelbel, Thomas Speck, Claas Müller, Olga Speck
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	twist-to-bend ratio safety factor petiole biomechanics body plan geometry Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a58c83c594a4496aa49b68142b58486e
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:a58c83c594a4496aa49b68142b58486e
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a58c83c594a4496aa49b68142b58486e2021-11-11T10:26:21ZTwist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.765605https://doaj.org/article/a58c83c594a4496aa49b68142b58486e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.765605/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XFrom a mechanical viewpoint, petioles of foliage leaves are subject to contradictory mechanical requirements. High flexural rigidity guarantees support of the lamina and low torsional rigidity ensures streamlining of the leaves in wind. This mechanical trade-off between flexural and torsional rigidity is described by the twist-to-bend ratio. The safety factor describes the maximum load capacity. We selected four herbaceous species with different body plans (monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous) and spatial configurations of petiole and lamina (2-dimensional, 3-dimensional) and carried out morphological-anatomical studies, two-point bending tests and torsional tests on the petioles to analyze the influence of geometry, size and shape on their twist-to-bend ratio and safety factor. The monocotyledons studied had significantly higher twist-to-bend ratios (23.7 and 39.2) than the dicotyledons (11.5 and 13.3). High twist-to-bend ratios can be geometry-based, which is true for the U-profile of Hosta x tardiana with a ratio of axial second moment of area to torsion constant of over 1.0. High twist-to-bend ratios can also be material-based, as found for the petioles of Caladium bicolor with a ratio of bending elastic modulus and torsional modulus of 64. The safety factors range between 1.7 and 2.9, meaning that each petiole can support about double to triple the leaf’s weight.Max LangerMax LangerMark C. KelbelMark C. KelbelThomas SpeckThomas SpeckClaas MüllerClaas MüllerOlga SpeckOlga SpeckFrontiers Media S.A.articletwist-to-bend ratiosafety factorpetiolebiomechanicsbody plangeometryPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	twist-to-bend ratio safety factor petiole biomechanics body plan geometry Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	twist-to-bend ratio safety factor petiole biomechanics body plan geometry Plant culture SB1-1110 Max Langer Max Langer Mark C. Kelbel Mark C. Kelbel Thomas Speck Thomas Speck Claas Müller Claas Müller Olga Speck Olga Speck Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
description	From a mechanical viewpoint, petioles of foliage leaves are subject to contradictory mechanical requirements. High flexural rigidity guarantees support of the lamina and low torsional rigidity ensures streamlining of the leaves in wind. This mechanical trade-off between flexural and torsional rigidity is described by the twist-to-bend ratio. The safety factor describes the maximum load capacity. We selected four herbaceous species with different body plans (monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous) and spatial configurations of petiole and lamina (2-dimensional, 3-dimensional) and carried out morphological-anatomical studies, two-point bending tests and torsional tests on the petioles to analyze the influence of geometry, size and shape on their twist-to-bend ratio and safety factor. The monocotyledons studied had significantly higher twist-to-bend ratios (23.7 and 39.2) than the dicotyledons (11.5 and 13.3). High twist-to-bend ratios can be geometry-based, which is true for the U-profile of Hosta x tardiana with a ratio of axial second moment of area to torsion constant of over 1.0. High twist-to-bend ratios can also be material-based, as found for the petioles of Caladium bicolor with a ratio of bending elastic modulus and torsional modulus of 64. The safety factors range between 1.7 and 2.9, meaning that each petiole can support about double to triple the leaf’s weight.
format	article
author	Max Langer Max Langer Mark C. Kelbel Mark C. Kelbel Thomas Speck Thomas Speck Claas Müller Claas Müller Olga Speck Olga Speck
author_facet	Max Langer Max Langer Mark C. Kelbel Mark C. Kelbel Thomas Speck Thomas Speck Claas Müller Claas Müller Olga Speck Olga Speck
author_sort	Max Langer
title	Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
title_short	Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
title_full	Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
title_fullStr	Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
title_full_unstemmed	Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes
title_sort	twist-to-bend ratios and safety factors of petioles having various geometries, sizes and shapes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a58c83c594a4496aa49b68142b58486e
work_keys_str_mv	AT maxlanger twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT maxlanger twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT markckelbel twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT markckelbel twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT thomasspeck twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT thomasspeck twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT claasmuller twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT claasmuller twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT olgaspeck twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes AT olgaspeck twisttobendratiosandsafetyfactorsofpetioleshavingvariousgeometriessizesandshapes
_version_	1718439154491064320

Twist-to-Bend Ratios and Safety Factors of Petioles Having Various Geometries, Sizes and Shapes

Ejemplares similares