Dietary Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition

Probiotics are a substitute for antibiotics in the sense of intestinal health maintenance. Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis, as probiotic bacteria, have been widely used in animal production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the...

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Autores principales:	Jie Yu, Biao Dong, Minmeng Zhao, Long Liu, Tuoyu Geng, Daoqing Gong, Jian Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> geese gut microbiota production performance Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a592436e9a09403cb82a4b82194f5fb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a592436e9a09403cb82a4b82194f5fb92021-11-25T16:18:13ZDietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition10.3390/ani111131742076-2615https://doaj.org/article/a592436e9a09403cb82a4b82194f5fb92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3174https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Probiotics are a substitute for antibiotics in the sense of intestinal health maintenance. <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, as probiotic bacteria, have been widely used in animal production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two probiotic bacteria in geese. A total of 288 1-day old, healthy Yangzhou geese were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. Group A, as control, was fed a basal diet, and the treatment groups (B, C and D) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> (the viable count was 3.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g), 250 mg/kg <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (the viable count was 2.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g), or a combination of the two probiotic bacteria for 70 days, respectively. The results indicated that: compared with the control group, dietary probiotics (1) promoted the growth and feed intake of the geese, (2) increased the absolute weight of duodenum, (3) increased the antioxidative capacity (total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) of intestinal mucosa, (4) improved intestinal morphology (the ratio of villus height to crypt depth), (5) but did not induce inflammation and changes of tight junction in the intestine, which was indicated by no induction of pro/inflammatory cytokines (<i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-10</i>, <i>TNFAIP3</i>) and tight junction related genes (<i>TJP1</i> and <i>OCLN</i>). Moreover, dietary probiotics increased the relative abundances of <i>Firmicutes</i> phylum and <i>Lactobacillus</i> genus and decreased the relative abundances of <i>Proteobacteria</i> phylum or <i>Ralstonia</i> genus in the intestinal content. In addition, the alpha diversity (observed species, Chao1, and estimate the number of OTUs in the community(ACE)) was reduced and the predicted functions of intestinal microflora, including peptidases, carbon fixation and metabolic function of starch and sugar, were enhanced by dietary probiotics. In conclusion, dietary probiotics promote the growth of geese by their positive effects on intestinal structure and function, the composition and functions of gut microflora, and intestinal antioxidative capacity.Jie YuBiao DongMinmeng ZhaoLong LiuTuoyu GengDaoqing GongJian WangMDPI AGarticle<i>Bacillus subtilis</i><i>Clostridium butyricum</i>geesegut microbiotaproduction performanceVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3174, p 3174 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> geese gut microbiota production performance Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> geese gut microbiota production performance Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Jie Yu Biao Dong Minmeng Zhao Long Liu Tuoyu Geng Daoqing Gong Jian Wang Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
description	Probiotics are a substitute for antibiotics in the sense of intestinal health maintenance. <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, as probiotic bacteria, have been widely used in animal production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two probiotic bacteria in geese. A total of 288 1-day old, healthy Yangzhou geese were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. Group A, as control, was fed a basal diet, and the treatment groups (B, C and D) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> (the viable count was 3.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g), 250 mg/kg <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (the viable count was 2.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g), or a combination of the two probiotic bacteria for 70 days, respectively. The results indicated that: compared with the control group, dietary probiotics (1) promoted the growth and feed intake of the geese, (2) increased the absolute weight of duodenum, (3) increased the antioxidative capacity (total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) of intestinal mucosa, (4) improved intestinal morphology (the ratio of villus height to crypt depth), (5) but did not induce inflammation and changes of tight junction in the intestine, which was indicated by no induction of pro/inflammatory cytokines (<i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-10</i>, <i>TNFAIP3</i>) and tight junction related genes (<i>TJP1</i> and <i>OCLN</i>). Moreover, dietary probiotics increased the relative abundances of <i>Firmicutes</i> phylum and <i>Lactobacillus</i> genus and decreased the relative abundances of <i>Proteobacteria</i> phylum or <i>Ralstonia</i> genus in the intestinal content. In addition, the alpha diversity (observed species, Chao1, and estimate the number of OTUs in the community(ACE)) was reduced and the predicted functions of intestinal microflora, including peptidases, carbon fixation and metabolic function of starch and sugar, were enhanced by dietary probiotics. In conclusion, dietary probiotics promote the growth of geese by their positive effects on intestinal structure and function, the composition and functions of gut microflora, and intestinal antioxidative capacity.
format	article
author	Jie Yu Biao Dong Minmeng Zhao Long Liu Tuoyu Geng Daoqing Gong Jian Wang
author_facet	Jie Yu Biao Dong Minmeng Zhao Long Liu Tuoyu Geng Daoqing Gong Jian Wang
author_sort	Jie Yu
title	Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
title_short	Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
title_full	Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
title_fullStr	Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
title_full_unstemmed	Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition
title_sort	dietary <i>clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>bacillus subtilis</i> promote goose growth by improving intestinal structure and function, antioxidative capacity and microbial composition
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a592436e9a09403cb82a4b82194f5fb9
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Dietary <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Promote Goose Growth by Improving Intestinal Structure and Function, Antioxidative Capacity and Microbial Composition

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