Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNixMnyCozO2) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor

Within the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates ach...

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Autores principales:	Stefan Windisch-Kern, Alexandra Holzer, Lukas Wiszniewski, Harald Raupenstrauch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lithium-ion batteries lithium recycling carbothermal reduction Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf2021-11-25T18:22:21ZInvestigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor10.3390/met111118442075-4701https://doaj.org/article/a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1844https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701Within the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates achievable recovery rates of the valuable materials contained when applying an unconventional, pyrometallurgical reactor concept. For this purpose, the currently most prevalent NMC modifications (5-3-2, 6-2-2, and 8-1-1) with carbon addition were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and treated in a lab-scale application of the mentioned reactor principle. It was shown that the reactor concept achieves high recovery rates for nickel, cobalt, and manganese of well above 80%. For lithium, which is usually oxidized and slagged, the transfer coefficient into the slag phase was less than 10% in every experimental trial. Instead, it was possible to remove the vast amount of it via a gas phase, which could potentially open up new paths regarding metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries.Stefan Windisch-KernAlexandra HolzerLukas WiszniewskiHarald RaupenstrauchMDPI AGarticlelithium-ion batterieslithium recyclingcarbothermal reductionMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1844, p 1844 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lithium-ion batteries lithium recycling carbothermal reduction Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	lithium-ion batteries lithium recycling carbothermal reduction Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
description	Within the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates achievable recovery rates of the valuable materials contained when applying an unconventional, pyrometallurgical reactor concept. For this purpose, the currently most prevalent NMC modifications (5-3-2, 6-2-2, and 8-1-1) with carbon addition were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and treated in a lab-scale application of the mentioned reactor principle. It was shown that the reactor concept achieves high recovery rates for nickel, cobalt, and manganese of well above 80%. For lithium, which is usually oxidized and slagged, the transfer coefficient into the slag phase was less than 10% in every experimental trial. Instead, it was possible to remove the vast amount of it via a gas phase, which could potentially open up new paths regarding metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries.
format	article
author	Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch
author_facet	Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch
author_sort	Stefan Windisch-Kern
title	Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
title_short	Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
title_full	Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
title_fullStr	Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
title_sort	investigation of potential recovery rates of nickel, manganese, cobalt, and particularly lithium from nmc-type cathode materials (lini<sub>x</sub>mn<sub>y</sub>co<sub>z</sub>o<sub>2</sub>) by carbo-thermal reduction in an inductively heated carbon bed reactor
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanwindischkern investigationofpotentialrecoveryratesofnickelmanganesecobaltandparticularlylithiumfromnmctypecathodematerialslinisubxsubmnsubysubcosubzsubosub2subbycarbothermalreductioninaninductivelyheatedcarbonbedreactor AT alexandraholzer investigationofpotentialrecoveryratesofnickelmanganesecobaltandparticularlylithiumfromnmctypecathodematerialslinisubxsubmnsubysubcosubzsubosub2subbycarbothermalreductioninaninductivelyheatedcarbonbedreactor AT lukaswiszniewski investigationofpotentialrecoveryratesofnickelmanganesecobaltandparticularlylithiumfromnmctypecathodematerialslinisubxsubmnsubysubcosubzsubosub2subbycarbothermalreductioninaninductivelyheatedcarbonbedreactor AT haraldraupenstrauch investigationofpotentialrecoveryratesofnickelmanganesecobaltandparticularlylithiumfromnmctypecathodematerialslinisubxsubmnsubysubcosubzsubosub2subbycarbothermalreductioninaninductivelyheatedcarbonbedreactor
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Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor

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