Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth

Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. Analysis of molecules related to the maintenance of these organelles can provide valuable information on this trait (kleptoplasty). The goal of our research was to characterize the pigment and fatty...

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Autores principales:	Xochitl Guadalupe Vital, Felisa Rey, Paulo Cartaxana, Sónia Cruz, Maria Rosário Domingues, Ricardo Calado, Nuno Simões
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Mollusca Heterobranchia kleptoplasty lipidomics phospholipids glycolipids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5aa74d69edf41e3bba656b0c06fe6dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5aa74d69edf41e3bba656b0c06fe6dd2021-11-25T16:17:26ZPigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth10.3390/ani111131572076-2615https://doaj.org/article/a5aa74d69edf41e3bba656b0c06fe6dd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3157https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. Analysis of molecules related to the maintenance of these organelles can provide valuable information on this trait (kleptoplasty). The goal of our research was to characterize the pigment and fatty acid (FA) composition of the sea slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> and their associated chloroplasts that are kept functional for a long time, and to quantify total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents, identifying differences between habitats: shallow (0–4 m) and deeper (8–12 m) waters. Specimens were sampled and analyzed after a month of food deprivation, through HPLC, GC-MS and colorimetric methods, to ensure an assessment of long-term kleptoplasty in relation to depth. Pigment signatures indicate that individuals retain chloroplasts from different macroalgal sources. FA classes, phospholipid and glycolipid contents displayed dissimilarities between depths. However, heterogeneities in pigment and FA profiles, as well as total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts in <i>E. crispata</i> were not related to habitat depth. The high content of chloroplast origin molecules, such as Chl <i>a</i> and glycolipids after a month of starvation, confirms that <i>E. crispata</i> retains chloroplasts in good biochemical condition. This characterization fills a knowledge gap of an animal model commonly employed to study kleptoplasty.Xochitl Guadalupe VitalFelisa ReyPaulo CartaxanaSónia CruzMaria Rosário DominguesRicardo CaladoNuno SimõesMDPI AGarticleMolluscaHeterobranchiakleptoplastylipidomicsphospholipidsglycolipidsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3157, p 3157 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mollusca Heterobranchia kleptoplasty lipidomics phospholipids glycolipids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	Mollusca Heterobranchia kleptoplasty lipidomics phospholipids glycolipids Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Xochitl Guadalupe Vital Felisa Rey Paulo Cartaxana Sónia Cruz Maria Rosário Domingues Ricardo Calado Nuno Simões Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
description	Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. Analysis of molecules related to the maintenance of these organelles can provide valuable information on this trait (kleptoplasty). The goal of our research was to characterize the pigment and fatty acid (FA) composition of the sea slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> and their associated chloroplasts that are kept functional for a long time, and to quantify total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents, identifying differences between habitats: shallow (0–4 m) and deeper (8–12 m) waters. Specimens were sampled and analyzed after a month of food deprivation, through HPLC, GC-MS and colorimetric methods, to ensure an assessment of long-term kleptoplasty in relation to depth. Pigment signatures indicate that individuals retain chloroplasts from different macroalgal sources. FA classes, phospholipid and glycolipid contents displayed dissimilarities between depths. However, heterogeneities in pigment and FA profiles, as well as total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts in <i>E. crispata</i> were not related to habitat depth. The high content of chloroplast origin molecules, such as Chl <i>a</i> and glycolipids after a month of starvation, confirms that <i>E. crispata</i> retains chloroplasts in good biochemical condition. This characterization fills a knowledge gap of an animal model commonly employed to study kleptoplasty.
format	article
author	Xochitl Guadalupe Vital Felisa Rey Paulo Cartaxana Sónia Cruz Maria Rosário Domingues Ricardo Calado Nuno Simões
author_facet	Xochitl Guadalupe Vital Felisa Rey Paulo Cartaxana Sónia Cruz Maria Rosário Domingues Ricardo Calado Nuno Simões
author_sort	Xochitl Guadalupe Vital
title	Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
title_short	Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
title_full	Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
title_fullStr	Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
title_full_unstemmed	Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth
title_sort	pigment and fatty acid heterogeneity in the sea slug <i>elysia crispata</i> is not shaped by habitat depth
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5aa74d69edf41e3bba656b0c06fe6dd
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Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug <i>Elysia crispata</i> Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth

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