A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates

Abstract We study the existence of nontrivial solution branches of three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs), which are used as the mathematical model for rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is exploited to test the branching of nontrivial solution...

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Autores principales:	Sirilak Sriburadet, Yin-Tzer Shih, B.-W. Jeng, C.-H. Hsueh, C.-S. Chien
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5ad588deb394a70bf3dbbafb3ecffe4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5ad588deb394a70bf3dbbafb3ecffe42021-11-28T12:16:12ZA numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates10.1038/s41598-021-02249-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a5ad588deb394a70bf3dbbafb3ecffe42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02249-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We study the existence of nontrivial solution branches of three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs), which are used as the mathematical model for rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is exploited to test the branching of nontrivial solution curves from the trivial one in some neighborhoods of bifurcation points. A multilevel continuation method is proposed for computing the ground state solution of rotating spin-1 BEC. By properly choosing the constraint conditions associated with the components of the parameter variable, the proposed algorithm can effectively compute the ground states of spin-1 $$^{87}Rb$$ 87 R b and $$^{23}Na$$ 23 N a under rapid rotation. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the affect of the magnetization on the CGPEs is investigated.Sirilak SriburadetYin-Tzer ShihB.-W. JengC.-H. HsuehC.-S. ChienNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sirilak Sriburadet Yin-Tzer Shih B.-W. Jeng C.-H. Hsueh C.-S. Chien A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
description	Abstract We study the existence of nontrivial solution branches of three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs), which are used as the mathematical model for rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). The Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction is exploited to test the branching of nontrivial solution curves from the trivial one in some neighborhoods of bifurcation points. A multilevel continuation method is proposed for computing the ground state solution of rotating spin-1 BEC. By properly choosing the constraint conditions associated with the components of the parameter variable, the proposed algorithm can effectively compute the ground states of spin-1 $$^{87}Rb$$ 87 R b and $$^{23}Na$$ 23 N a under rapid rotation. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the affect of the magnetization on the CGPEs is investigated.
format	article
author	Sirilak Sriburadet Yin-Tzer Shih B.-W. Jeng C.-H. Hsueh C.-S. Chien
author_facet	Sirilak Sriburadet Yin-Tzer Shih B.-W. Jeng C.-H. Hsueh C.-S. Chien
author_sort	Sirilak Sriburadet
title	A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
title_short	A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
title_full	A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
title_fullStr	A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
title_full_unstemmed	A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates
title_sort	numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 bose–einstein condensates
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5ad588deb394a70bf3dbbafb3ecffe4
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A numerical scheme for the ground state of rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates

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