Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands

The Standards for water quality in Fiji defined in the Environment Management Regulations 2007 only relate to effluent discharge into the environment. Urbanisation is contributing to wastewater contamination in receiving estuary and marine recreational waters, thus requiring specific guidelines. To...

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Autores principales:	Praneel Pranesh Lal, Natacha Juste-Poinapen M.S., Johann Poinapen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	baseline biological parameters indicator organisms physico-chemical parameters toxicity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5bd3f6a7620409d8958336b15617aaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5bd3f6a7620409d8958336b15617aaf2021-12-02T07:40:48ZAssessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.323https://doaj.org/article/a5bd3f6a7620409d8958336b15617aaf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/10-11/3040https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732The Standards for water quality in Fiji defined in the Environment Management Regulations 2007 only relate to effluent discharge into the environment. Urbanisation is contributing to wastewater contamination in receiving estuary and marine recreational waters, thus requiring specific guidelines. To create a baseline for this, a sampling programme with relevant physico-chemical and biological parameters was implemented at 3 sites along the Suva foreshore, for 8 consecutive months, during low and high tides. Analysis was done in triplicates, using standard methods approved for the examination of water and wastewater. In the absence of relevant Fiji guidelines, the results were compared with ANZECC (2000) guidelines for estuary and marine waters. Low DO levels, high COD, TN, NH3, TP, OP and heavy metal concentrations were measured in all 3 sites. For instance, TN and NH3 concentrations as high as 4.44 ±0.99 mg/L and 2.58 ± 0.89 mg/L respectively were recorded in Wailea river (Site 2). The colony counts for the TC, FC and E. coli were in most cases above the limits. These results confirm that wastewater discharges add to the inherent levels of parameters in receiving water bodies and support the need for specific, robust Fiji standards to better monitor water quality in foreshore areas. HIGHLIGHTS Urbanisation contributes to wastewater contamination in Fiji water bodies.; Development of water quality baseline is a pre-requisite for establishing water quality guidelines for water bodies.; Use of indicator organisms to assess water quality affected by discharge of wastewater.; Use of standard methods to develop baseline and water quality guidelines.; Potential effect of tidal movement on water quality of estuaries.;Praneel Pranesh LalNatacha Juste-Poinapen M.S.Johann PoinapenIWA Publishingarticlebaselinebiological parametersindicator organismsphysico-chemical parameterstoxicityEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 10-11, Pp 3040-3054 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	baseline biological parameters indicator organisms physico-chemical parameters toxicity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	baseline biological parameters indicator organisms physico-chemical parameters toxicity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Praneel Pranesh Lal Natacha Juste-Poinapen M.S. Johann Poinapen Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
description	The Standards for water quality in Fiji defined in the Environment Management Regulations 2007 only relate to effluent discharge into the environment. Urbanisation is contributing to wastewater contamination in receiving estuary and marine recreational waters, thus requiring specific guidelines. To create a baseline for this, a sampling programme with relevant physico-chemical and biological parameters was implemented at 3 sites along the Suva foreshore, for 8 consecutive months, during low and high tides. Analysis was done in triplicates, using standard methods approved for the examination of water and wastewater. In the absence of relevant Fiji guidelines, the results were compared with ANZECC (2000) guidelines for estuary and marine waters. Low DO levels, high COD, TN, NH3, TP, OP and heavy metal concentrations were measured in all 3 sites. For instance, TN and NH3 concentrations as high as 4.44 ±0.99 mg/L and 2.58 ± 0.89 mg/L respectively were recorded in Wailea river (Site 2). The colony counts for the TC, FC and E. coli were in most cases above the limits. These results confirm that wastewater discharges add to the inherent levels of parameters in receiving water bodies and support the need for specific, robust Fiji standards to better monitor water quality in foreshore areas. HIGHLIGHTS Urbanisation contributes to wastewater contamination in Fiji water bodies.; Development of water quality baseline is a pre-requisite for establishing water quality guidelines for water bodies.; Use of indicator organisms to assess water quality affected by discharge of wastewater.; Use of standard methods to develop baseline and water quality guidelines.; Potential effect of tidal movement on water quality of estuaries.;
format	article
author	Praneel Pranesh Lal Natacha Juste-Poinapen M.S. Johann Poinapen
author_facet	Praneel Pranesh Lal Natacha Juste-Poinapen M.S. Johann Poinapen
author_sort	Praneel Pranesh Lal
title	Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
title_short	Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
title_full	Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
title_fullStr	Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands
title_sort	assessing the water quality of suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the fiji islands
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5bd3f6a7620409d8958336b15617aaf
work_keys_str_mv	AT praneelpraneshlal assessingthewaterqualityofsuvaforeshorefortheestablishmentofestuaryandmarinerecreationalwaterguidelinesinthefijiislands AT natachajustepoinapenms assessingthewaterqualityofsuvaforeshorefortheestablishmentofestuaryandmarinerecreationalwaterguidelinesinthefijiislands AT johannpoinapen assessingthewaterqualityofsuvaforeshorefortheestablishmentofestuaryandmarinerecreationalwaterguidelinesinthefijiislands
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Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands

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