Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District

Children spend the majority of their time indoors, and a substantial portion of this time in the school environment. Air pollution has been shown to adversely impact lung development and has effects that extend beyond respiratory health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the indoor environment...

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Autores principales:	Sandra E. Zaeh, Kirsten Koehler, Michelle N. Eakin, Christopher Wohn, Ike Diibor, Thomas Eckmann, Tianshi David Wu, Dorothy Clemons-Erby, Christine E. Gummerson, Timothy Green, Megan Wood, Ehsan Majd, Marc L. Stein, Ana Rule, Meghan F. Davis, Meredith C. McCormack
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	schools indoor air quality renovation Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5c4a1f9621f47b99a6cdaa7818499b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5c4a1f9621f47b99a6cdaa7818499b92021-11-25T17:51:31ZIndoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District10.3390/ijerph1822121491660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/a5c4a1f9621f47b99a6cdaa7818499b92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12149https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Children spend the majority of their time indoors, and a substantial portion of this time in the school environment. Air pollution has been shown to adversely impact lung development and has effects that extend beyond respiratory health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the indoor environment in public schools in the context of an ongoing urban renovation program to investigate the impact of school building renovation and replacement on indoor air quality. Indoor air quality (CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, CO, and temperature) was assessed for two weeks during fall, winter, and spring seasons in 29 urban public schools between December 2015 and March 2020. Seven schools had pre- and post-renovation data available. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in air quality outcomes by renovation status in the seven schools with pre- and post-renovation data. Prior to renovation, indoor CO measurements were within World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> measurements rarely exceeded them. Within the seven schools with pre- and post-renovation data, over 30% of indoor CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and over 50% of indoor temperatures exceeded recommended guidelines from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers. Following renovation, 10% of indoor CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and 28% of indoor temperatures fell outside of the recommended ranges. Linear mixed models showed significant improvement in CO<sub>2</sub>, indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and CO following school renovation. Even among schools that generally met recommendations on key guidelines, school renovation improved the indoor air quality. Our findings suggest that school renovation may benefit communities of children, particularly those in low-income areas with aging school infrastructure, through improvements in the indoor environment.Sandra E. ZaehKirsten KoehlerMichelle N. EakinChristopher WohnIke DiiborThomas EckmannTianshi David WuDorothy Clemons-ErbyChristine E. GummersonTimothy GreenMegan WoodEhsan MajdMarc L. SteinAna RuleMeghan F. DavisMeredith C. McCormackMDPI AGarticleschoolsindoor air qualityrenovationMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12149, p 12149 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	schools indoor air quality renovation Medicine R
spellingShingle	schools indoor air quality renovation Medicine R Sandra E. Zaeh Kirsten Koehler Michelle N. Eakin Christopher Wohn Ike Diibor Thomas Eckmann Tianshi David Wu Dorothy Clemons-Erby Christine E. Gummerson Timothy Green Megan Wood Ehsan Majd Marc L. Stein Ana Rule Meghan F. Davis Meredith C. McCormack Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
description	Children spend the majority of their time indoors, and a substantial portion of this time in the school environment. Air pollution has been shown to adversely impact lung development and has effects that extend beyond respiratory health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the indoor environment in public schools in the context of an ongoing urban renovation program to investigate the impact of school building renovation and replacement on indoor air quality. Indoor air quality (CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, CO, and temperature) was assessed for two weeks during fall, winter, and spring seasons in 29 urban public schools between December 2015 and March 2020. Seven schools had pre- and post-renovation data available. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in air quality outcomes by renovation status in the seven schools with pre- and post-renovation data. Prior to renovation, indoor CO measurements were within World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, and indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> measurements rarely exceeded them. Within the seven schools with pre- and post-renovation data, over 30% of indoor CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and over 50% of indoor temperatures exceeded recommended guidelines from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers. Following renovation, 10% of indoor CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and 28% of indoor temperatures fell outside of the recommended ranges. Linear mixed models showed significant improvement in CO<sub>2</sub>, indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and CO following school renovation. Even among schools that generally met recommendations on key guidelines, school renovation improved the indoor air quality. Our findings suggest that school renovation may benefit communities of children, particularly those in low-income areas with aging school infrastructure, through improvements in the indoor environment.
format	article
author	Sandra E. Zaeh Kirsten Koehler Michelle N. Eakin Christopher Wohn Ike Diibor Thomas Eckmann Tianshi David Wu Dorothy Clemons-Erby Christine E. Gummerson Timothy Green Megan Wood Ehsan Majd Marc L. Stein Ana Rule Meghan F. Davis Meredith C. McCormack
author_facet	Sandra E. Zaeh Kirsten Koehler Michelle N. Eakin Christopher Wohn Ike Diibor Thomas Eckmann Tianshi David Wu Dorothy Clemons-Erby Christine E. Gummerson Timothy Green Megan Wood Ehsan Majd Marc L. Stein Ana Rule Meghan F. Davis Meredith C. McCormack
author_sort	Sandra E. Zaeh
title	Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
title_short	Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
title_full	Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
title_fullStr	Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
title_full_unstemmed	Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District
title_sort	indoor air quality prior to and following school building renovation in a mid-atlantic school district
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5c4a1f9621f47b99a6cdaa7818499b9
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Indoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District

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