Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus

Abstract The venom duct origins of predatory and defensive venoms has not been studied for hook-and-line fish hunting cone snails despite the pharmacological importance of their venoms. To better understand the biochemistry and evolution of injected predatory and defensive venoms, we compared distal...

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Autores principales:	S. W. A. Himaya, Ai-Hua Jin, Brett Hamilton, Subash K. Rai, Paul Alewood, Richard J. Lewis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a5e50d4af67147f6af7d78edaad25125
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a5e50d4af67147f6af7d78edaad251252021-12-02T17:44:55ZVenom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus10.1038/s41598-021-91919-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a5e50d4af67147f6af7d78edaad251252021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91919-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The venom duct origins of predatory and defensive venoms has not been studied for hook-and-line fish hunting cone snails despite the pharmacological importance of their venoms. To better understand the biochemistry and evolution of injected predatory and defensive venoms, we compared distal, central and proximal venom duct sections across three specimens of C. striatus (Pionoconus) using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches. A total of 370 conotoxin precursors were identified from the whole venom duct transcriptome. Milked defensive venom was enriched with a potent cocktail of proximally expressed inhibitory α-, ω- and μ-conotoxins compared to milked predatory venom. In contrast, excitatory κA-conotoxins dominated both the predatory and defensive venoms despite their distal expression, suggesting this class of conotoxin can be selectively expressed from the same duct segment in response to either a predatory or defensive stimuli. Given the high abundance of κA-conotoxins in the Pionoconus clade, we hypothesise that the κA-conotoxins have evolved through adaptive evolution following their repurposing from ancestral inhibitory A superfamily conotoxins to facilitate the dietary shift to fish hunting and species radiation in this clade.S. W. A. HimayaAi-Hua JinBrett HamiltonSubash K. RaiPaul AlewoodRichard J. LewisNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q S. W. A. Himaya Ai-Hua Jin Brett Hamilton Subash K. Rai Paul Alewood Richard J. Lewis Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
description	Abstract The venom duct origins of predatory and defensive venoms has not been studied for hook-and-line fish hunting cone snails despite the pharmacological importance of their venoms. To better understand the biochemistry and evolution of injected predatory and defensive venoms, we compared distal, central and proximal venom duct sections across three specimens of C. striatus (Pionoconus) using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches. A total of 370 conotoxin precursors were identified from the whole venom duct transcriptome. Milked defensive venom was enriched with a potent cocktail of proximally expressed inhibitory α-, ω- and μ-conotoxins compared to milked predatory venom. In contrast, excitatory κA-conotoxins dominated both the predatory and defensive venoms despite their distal expression, suggesting this class of conotoxin can be selectively expressed from the same duct segment in response to either a predatory or defensive stimuli. Given the high abundance of κA-conotoxins in the Pionoconus clade, we hypothesise that the κA-conotoxins have evolved through adaptive evolution following their repurposing from ancestral inhibitory A superfamily conotoxins to facilitate the dietary shift to fish hunting and species radiation in this clade.
format	article
author	S. W. A. Himaya Ai-Hua Jin Brett Hamilton Subash K. Rai Paul Alewood Richard J. Lewis
author_facet	S. W. A. Himaya Ai-Hua Jin Brett Hamilton Subash K. Rai Paul Alewood Richard J. Lewis
author_sort	S. W. A. Himaya
title	Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
title_short	Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
title_full	Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
title_fullStr	Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
title_full_unstemmed	Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus
title_sort	venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous conus striatus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a5e50d4af67147f6af7d78edaad25125
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Venom duct origins of prey capture and defensive conotoxins in piscivorous Conus striatus

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