Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.

<h4>Background</h4>The Prevalence and persistence of ADHD have not been described in young Australian adults and few studies have examined how conduct problems (CP) are associated with ADHD for this age group. We estimate lifetime and adult prevalence and persistence rates for three cate...

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Autores principales: Jane L Ebejer, Sarah E Medland, Julius van der Werf, Cedric Gondro, Anjali K Henders, Michael Lynskey, Nicholas G Martin, David L Duffy
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:a5f86b5be4a64f1daa296e09b4f3851a2021-11-18T08:12:27ZAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0047404https://doaj.org/article/a5f86b5be4a64f1daa296e09b4f3851a2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23071800/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The Prevalence and persistence of ADHD have not been described in young Australian adults and few studies have examined how conduct problems (CP) are associated with ADHD for this age group. We estimate lifetime and adult prevalence and persistence rates for three categories of ADHD for 3795 Australian adults, and indicate how career, health and childhood risk factors differ for people with ADHD symptoms and ADHD symptoms plus CP.<h4>Methodology</h4>Trained interviewers collected participant experience of ADHD, CP, education, employment, childhood experience, relationship and health variables. Three diagnostic definitions of ADHD used were (i) full DSM-IV criteria; (ii) excluding the age 7 onset criterion (no age criterion); (iii) participant experienced difficulties due to ADHD symptoms (problem symptoms).<h4>Results</h4>Prevalence rates in adulthood were 1.1%, 2.3% and 2.7% for each categorization respectively. Persistence of ADHD from childhood averaged across gender was 55.3% for full criteria, 50.3% with no age criterion and 40.2% for problem symptoms. ADHD symptoms were associated with parental conflict, poor health, being sexually assaulted during childhood, lower education, income loss and higher unemployment. The lifetime prevalence of conduct problems for adults with ADHD was 57.8% and 6.9% for adults without ADHD. The greatest disadvantage was experienced by participants with ADHD plus CP.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The persistence of ADHD into adulthood was greatest for participants meeting full diagnostic criteria and inattention was associated with the greatest loss of income and disadvantage. The disadvantage associated with conduct problems differed in severity and was relevant for a high proportion of adults with ADHD. Women but not men with ADHD reported more childhood adversity, possibly indicating varied etiology and treatment needs. The impact and treatment needs of adults with ADHD and CP and the report of sexual assault during childhood by women and men with ADHD also deserve further study.Jane L EbejerSarah E MedlandJulius van der WerfCedric GondroAnjali K HendersMichael LynskeyNicholas G MartinDavid L DuffyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e47404 (2012)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Jane L Ebejer
Sarah E Medland
Julius van der Werf
Cedric Gondro
Anjali K Henders
Michael Lynskey
Nicholas G Martin
David L Duffy
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
description <h4>Background</h4>The Prevalence and persistence of ADHD have not been described in young Australian adults and few studies have examined how conduct problems (CP) are associated with ADHD for this age group. We estimate lifetime and adult prevalence and persistence rates for three categories of ADHD for 3795 Australian adults, and indicate how career, health and childhood risk factors differ for people with ADHD symptoms and ADHD symptoms plus CP.<h4>Methodology</h4>Trained interviewers collected participant experience of ADHD, CP, education, employment, childhood experience, relationship and health variables. Three diagnostic definitions of ADHD used were (i) full DSM-IV criteria; (ii) excluding the age 7 onset criterion (no age criterion); (iii) participant experienced difficulties due to ADHD symptoms (problem symptoms).<h4>Results</h4>Prevalence rates in adulthood were 1.1%, 2.3% and 2.7% for each categorization respectively. Persistence of ADHD from childhood averaged across gender was 55.3% for full criteria, 50.3% with no age criterion and 40.2% for problem symptoms. ADHD symptoms were associated with parental conflict, poor health, being sexually assaulted during childhood, lower education, income loss and higher unemployment. The lifetime prevalence of conduct problems for adults with ADHD was 57.8% and 6.9% for adults without ADHD. The greatest disadvantage was experienced by participants with ADHD plus CP.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The persistence of ADHD into adulthood was greatest for participants meeting full diagnostic criteria and inattention was associated with the greatest loss of income and disadvantage. The disadvantage associated with conduct problems differed in severity and was relevant for a high proportion of adults with ADHD. Women but not men with ADHD reported more childhood adversity, possibly indicating varied etiology and treatment needs. The impact and treatment needs of adults with ADHD and CP and the report of sexual assault during childhood by women and men with ADHD also deserve further study.
format article
author Jane L Ebejer
Sarah E Medland
Julius van der Werf
Cedric Gondro
Anjali K Henders
Michael Lynskey
Nicholas G Martin
David L Duffy
author_facet Jane L Ebejer
Sarah E Medland
Julius van der Werf
Cedric Gondro
Anjali K Henders
Michael Lynskey
Nicholas G Martin
David L Duffy
author_sort Jane L Ebejer
title Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
title_short Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
title_full Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
title_fullStr Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
title_full_unstemmed Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
title_sort attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in australian adults: prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2012
url https://doaj.org/article/a5f86b5be4a64f1daa296e09b4f3851a
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