Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.

The changes in lignocellulosic biomass composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after pre-treatment with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pre-treatment for 2-12 weeks has gradually degraded the OPEFB in a time-de...

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Autores principales:	F M Y Nur-Nazratul, M R M Rakib, M Z Zailan, H Yaakub
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a611b51253fe43858f641eb3770b54df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a611b51253fe43858f641eb3770b54df2021-12-02T20:13:53ZEnhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258065https://doaj.org/article/a611b51253fe43858f641eb3770b54df2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258065https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The changes in lignocellulosic biomass composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after pre-treatment with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pre-treatment for 2-12 weeks has gradually degraded the OPEFB in a time-dependent manner; whereby lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were respectively degraded by 41.0, 20.5, and 26.7% at the end of the incubation period. The findings were corroborated using the physical examination of the OPEFB by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the OPEFB pre-treated for 12 weeks has shown the highest in vitro digestibility of dry (77.20%) and organic (69.78%) matter, where they were enhanced by 104.07 and 96.29%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. The enhancement in the in vitro ruminal digestibility was negatively correlated with the lignin content in the OPEFB. Therefore, biologically delignified OPEFB with G. lucidum fungal culture pre-treatment have the potential to be utilized as one of the ingredients for the development of a novel ruminant forage.F M Y Nur-NazratulM R M RakibM Z ZailanH YaakubPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0258065 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q F M Y Nur-Nazratul M R M Rakib M Z Zailan H Yaakub Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
description	The changes in lignocellulosic biomass composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) after pre-treatment with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the pre-treatment for 2-12 weeks has gradually degraded the OPEFB in a time-dependent manner; whereby lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were respectively degraded by 41.0, 20.5, and 26.7% at the end of the incubation period. The findings were corroborated using the physical examination of the OPEFB by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the OPEFB pre-treated for 12 weeks has shown the highest in vitro digestibility of dry (77.20%) and organic (69.78%) matter, where they were enhanced by 104.07 and 96.29%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. The enhancement in the in vitro ruminal digestibility was negatively correlated with the lignin content in the OPEFB. Therefore, biologically delignified OPEFB with G. lucidum fungal culture pre-treatment have the potential to be utilized as one of the ingredients for the development of a novel ruminant forage.
format	article
author	F M Y Nur-Nazratul M R M Rakib M Z Zailan H Yaakub
author_facet	F M Y Nur-Nazratul M R M Rakib M Z Zailan H Yaakub
author_sort	F M Y Nur-Nazratul
title	Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
title_short	Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
title_full	Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
title_fullStr	Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
title_sort	enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a611b51253fe43858f641eb3770b54df
work_keys_str_mv	AT fmynurnazratul enhancinginvitroruminaldigestibilityofoilpalmemptyfruitbunchbybiologicalpretreatmentwithganodermalucidumfungalculture AT mrmrakib enhancinginvitroruminaldigestibilityofoilpalmemptyfruitbunchbybiologicalpretreatmentwithganodermalucidumfungalculture AT mzzailan enhancinginvitroruminaldigestibilityofoilpalmemptyfruitbunchbybiologicalpretreatmentwithganodermalucidumfungalculture AT hyaakub enhancinginvitroruminaldigestibilityofoilpalmemptyfruitbunchbybiologicalpretreatmentwithganodermalucidumfungalculture
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Enhancing in vitro ruminal digestibility of oil palm empty fruit bunch by biological pre-treatment with Ganoderma lucidum fungal culture.

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