Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition

Today, measurement of raw milk quality and composition relies on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor and improve dairy production and cow health. However, these laboratory analyzers are bulky, expensive and can only be used by experts. Moreover, the sample logistics and data transfer...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Sanna Uusitalo, José Diaz-Olivares, Juha Sumen, Eero Hietala, Ines Adriaens, Wouter Saeys, Mikko Utriainen, Lilli Frondelius, Matti Pastell, Ben Aernouts
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	MEMS FPI NIR milk analysis fat Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a62327fb77da493781e3fc09d95c811f
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:a62327fb77da493781e3fc09d95c811f
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a62327fb77da493781e3fc09d95c811f2021-11-25T17:34:11ZEvaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition10.3390/foods101126862304-8158https://doaj.org/article/a62327fb77da493781e3fc09d95c811f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2686https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158Today, measurement of raw milk quality and composition relies on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor and improve dairy production and cow health. However, these laboratory analyzers are bulky, expensive and can only be used by experts. Moreover, the sample logistics and data transfer delay the information on product quality, and the measures taken to optimize the care and feeding of the cattle render them less suitable for real-time monitoring. An on-farm spectrometer with compact size and affordable cost could bring a solution for this discrepancy. This paper evaluates the performance of microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers as on-farm milk analyzers. These spectrometers use Fabry–Pérot interferometers for wavelength tuning, giving them the advantage of very compact size and affordable price. This study discusses the ability of MEMS spectrometers to reach the accuracy limits set by the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) for at-line analyzers of the milk content regarding fat, protein and lactose. According to the achieved results, the transmission measurements with the NIRONE 2.5 spectrometer perform best, with an acceptable root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP = 0.21% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) for the measurement of milk fat and excellent performance (RMSEP ≤ 0.11% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) for protein and lactose. In addition, the transmission measurements using the NIRONE 2.0 module give similar results for fat and lactose (RMSEP of 0.21 and 0.10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> respectively), while the prediction of protein is slightly deteriorated (RMSEP = 0.15% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). These results show that the MEMS spectrometers can reach sufficient prediction accuracy compared to ICAR standard values for at-line and in-line fat, protein and lactose prediction.Sanna UusitaloJosé Diaz-OlivaresJuha SumenEero HietalaInes AdriaensWouter SaeysMikko UtriainenLilli FrondeliusMatti PastellBen AernoutsMDPI AGarticleMEMSFPINIRmilkanalysisfatChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFoods, Vol 10, Iss 2686, p 2686 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	MEMS FPI NIR milk analysis fat Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	MEMS FPI NIR milk analysis fat Chemical technology TP1-1185 Sanna Uusitalo José Diaz-Olivares Juha Sumen Eero Hietala Ines Adriaens Wouter Saeys Mikko Utriainen Lilli Frondelius Matti Pastell Ben Aernouts Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
description	Today, measurement of raw milk quality and composition relies on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor and improve dairy production and cow health. However, these laboratory analyzers are bulky, expensive and can only be used by experts. Moreover, the sample logistics and data transfer delay the information on product quality, and the measures taken to optimize the care and feeding of the cattle render them less suitable for real-time monitoring. An on-farm spectrometer with compact size and affordable cost could bring a solution for this discrepancy. This paper evaluates the performance of microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers as on-farm milk analyzers. These spectrometers use Fabry–Pérot interferometers for wavelength tuning, giving them the advantage of very compact size and affordable price. This study discusses the ability of MEMS spectrometers to reach the accuracy limits set by the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) for at-line analyzers of the milk content regarding fat, protein and lactose. According to the achieved results, the transmission measurements with the NIRONE 2.5 spectrometer perform best, with an acceptable root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP = 0.21% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) for the measurement of milk fat and excellent performance (RMSEP ≤ 0.11% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) for protein and lactose. In addition, the transmission measurements using the NIRONE 2.0 module give similar results for fat and lactose (RMSEP of 0.21 and 0.10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> respectively), while the prediction of protein is slightly deteriorated (RMSEP = 0.15% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). These results show that the MEMS spectrometers can reach sufficient prediction accuracy compared to ICAR standard values for at-line and in-line fat, protein and lactose prediction.
format	article
author	Sanna Uusitalo José Diaz-Olivares Juha Sumen Eero Hietala Ines Adriaens Wouter Saeys Mikko Utriainen Lilli Frondelius Matti Pastell Ben Aernouts
author_facet	Sanna Uusitalo José Diaz-Olivares Juha Sumen Eero Hietala Ines Adriaens Wouter Saeys Mikko Utriainen Lilli Frondelius Matti Pastell Ben Aernouts
author_sort	Sanna Uusitalo
title	Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
title_short	Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
title_full	Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
title_fullStr	Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
title_sort	evaluation of mems nir spectrometers for on-farm analysis of raw milk composition
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a62327fb77da493781e3fc09d95c811f
work_keys_str_mv	AT sannauusitalo evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT josediazolivares evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT juhasumen evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT eerohietala evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT inesadriaens evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT woutersaeys evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT mikkoutriainen evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT lillifrondelius evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT mattipastell evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition AT benaernouts evaluationofmemsnirspectrometersforonfarmanalysisofrawmilkcomposition
_version_	1718412243403538432

Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition

Ejemplares similares