Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water

Freshwater scarcity is a highly pressing and accelerating issue facing our planet. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop sustainable solutions by reusing wastewater or produced water (PW), especially in places where it is generated abundantly. PW represents the water produced as a by-prod...

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Autores principales:	Mustafa AlKhowaildi, Bassam Tawabini, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Mohamed Mahmoud, Murtada Saleh Aljawad, Mohammed Bataweel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polymers stimulation fluid oilfield produced water chelating agents water sustainability Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a63b02389d7947f79fd2508e692195e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a63b02389d7947f79fd2508e692195e82021-11-25T18:49:26ZDevelopment of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water10.3390/polym132240172073-4360https://doaj.org/article/a63b02389d7947f79fd2508e692195e82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/4017https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Freshwater scarcity is a highly pressing and accelerating issue facing our planet. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop sustainable solutions by reusing wastewater or produced water (PW), especially in places where it is generated abundantly. PW represents the water produced as a by-product during oil and gas extraction operations in the petroleum industry. It is the largest wastewater stream within the industry, with hundreds of millions of produced water barrels per day worldwide. This research investigates a reuse opportunity for PW to replace freshwater utilization in well stimulation applications. Introducing an environmentally friendly chelating agent (GLDA) allowed formulating a PW-based fluid system that has similar rheological properties in fresh water. This work aims at evaluating the rheological properties of the developed stimulation fluid. The thickening profile of the fluid was controlled by chelation chemistry and varying different design parameters. The experiments were carried out using a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) viscometer. Variables such as polymer concentration and pH have a great impact on the viscosity, while temperature and concentration of the chelating agents are shown to control the thickening profile, as well as its stability and breakage behaviors. Furthermore, 50 pptg of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) polymer in 20 wt.% chelating solution was shown to sustain 172 cP viscosity for nearly 2.5 h at 150 °F and 100 S<sup>−1</sup> shear rate. The newly developed fluid system, solely based on polymer, chelating agent, and PW, showed great rheological capabilities to replace the conventional stimulation fluids based on fresh water. The newly developed fluid can also have economic value realization due to fewer additives, compared with conventional fluids.Mustafa AlKhowaildiBassam TawabiniMuhammad Shahzad KamalMohamed MahmoudMurtada Saleh AljawadMohammed BataweelMDPI AGarticlepolymersstimulation fluidoilfield produced waterchelating agentswater sustainabilityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 4017, p 4017 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polymers stimulation fluid oilfield produced water chelating agents water sustainability Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	polymers stimulation fluid oilfield produced water chelating agents water sustainability Organic chemistry QD241-441 Mustafa AlKhowaildi Bassam Tawabini Muhammad Shahzad Kamal Mohamed Mahmoud Murtada Saleh Aljawad Mohammed Bataweel Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
description	Freshwater scarcity is a highly pressing and accelerating issue facing our planet. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop sustainable solutions by reusing wastewater or produced water (PW), especially in places where it is generated abundantly. PW represents the water produced as a by-product during oil and gas extraction operations in the petroleum industry. It is the largest wastewater stream within the industry, with hundreds of millions of produced water barrels per day worldwide. This research investigates a reuse opportunity for PW to replace freshwater utilization in well stimulation applications. Introducing an environmentally friendly chelating agent (GLDA) allowed formulating a PW-based fluid system that has similar rheological properties in fresh water. This work aims at evaluating the rheological properties of the developed stimulation fluid. The thickening profile of the fluid was controlled by chelation chemistry and varying different design parameters. The experiments were carried out using a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) viscometer. Variables such as polymer concentration and pH have a great impact on the viscosity, while temperature and concentration of the chelating agents are shown to control the thickening profile, as well as its stability and breakage behaviors. Furthermore, 50 pptg of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) polymer in 20 wt.% chelating solution was shown to sustain 172 cP viscosity for nearly 2.5 h at 150 °F and 100 S<sup>−1</sup> shear rate. The newly developed fluid system, solely based on polymer, chelating agent, and PW, showed great rheological capabilities to replace the conventional stimulation fluids based on fresh water. The newly developed fluid can also have economic value realization due to fewer additives, compared with conventional fluids.
format	article
author	Mustafa AlKhowaildi Bassam Tawabini Muhammad Shahzad Kamal Mohamed Mahmoud Murtada Saleh Aljawad Mohammed Bataweel
author_facet	Mustafa AlKhowaildi Bassam Tawabini Muhammad Shahzad Kamal Mohamed Mahmoud Murtada Saleh Aljawad Mohammed Bataweel
author_sort	Mustafa AlKhowaildi
title	Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
title_short	Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
title_full	Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
title_fullStr	Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
title_full_unstemmed	Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water
title_sort	development of oil and gas stimulation fluids based on polymers and recycled produced water
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a63b02389d7947f79fd2508e692195e8
work_keys_str_mv	AT mustafaalkhowaildi developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater AT bassamtawabini developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater AT muhammadshahzadkamal developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater AT mohamedmahmoud developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater AT murtadasalehaljawad developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater AT mohammedbataweel developmentofoilandgasstimulationfluidsbasedonpolymersandrecycledproducedwater
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Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water

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