Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex

Abstract Decision makers tend to give magnified significance to immediately available rewards which leads to intertemporal preference reversals, which is a form of self-control failure. The objective of the present study was to understand the cognitive and neural underpinnings of this phenomenon usi...

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Autores principales:	Sathya Narayana Sharma, Azizuddin Khan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a64b60542834480a97ed48f2eec56cb7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a64b60542834480a97ed48f2eec56cb72021-11-21T12:17:32ZIntertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex10.1038/s41598-021-01579-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a64b60542834480a97ed48f2eec56cb72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01579-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Decision makers tend to give magnified significance to immediately available rewards which leads to intertemporal preference reversals, which is a form of self-control failure. The objective of the present study was to understand the cognitive and neural underpinnings of this phenomenon using event-related potentials (ERP) and their source localization using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA). Twenty-four participants performed a money choice task, where they made choices between a smaller-sooner and a larger-later reward, which included trials with and without an immediately available option, while their electroencephalography (EEG) activity was recorded. Trials with and without immediacy were identical except that the latter involved a front-end delay added to both the rewards. Results showed that presence of immediacy made the choices significantly more impulsive. Presence of immediate reward elicited larger visual P2 and late positive potential (LPP), indicating enhanced capture of automatic and sustained attention respectively, and smaller N2, indicative of diminished engagement of cognitive control processes. Source localization revealed increased activity in the visual cortex in the presence of immediacy, signifying higher valuation. Higher activation of areas of insula during P2—suggesting increased awareness of visceral signals—predicted larger impulsive preference reversals. The results suggest that presence of immediate reward biases the choice very early during the decision making process by precipitating visceral states that triggers approach behaviour, and highlight the need to adopt strategies like precommitment to counter the effect.Sathya Narayana SharmaAzizuddin KhanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sathya Narayana Sharma Azizuddin Khan Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
description	Abstract Decision makers tend to give magnified significance to immediately available rewards which leads to intertemporal preference reversals, which is a form of self-control failure. The objective of the present study was to understand the cognitive and neural underpinnings of this phenomenon using event-related potentials (ERP) and their source localization using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA). Twenty-four participants performed a money choice task, where they made choices between a smaller-sooner and a larger-later reward, which included trials with and without an immediately available option, while their electroencephalography (EEG) activity was recorded. Trials with and without immediacy were identical except that the latter involved a front-end delay added to both the rewards. Results showed that presence of immediacy made the choices significantly more impulsive. Presence of immediate reward elicited larger visual P2 and late positive potential (LPP), indicating enhanced capture of automatic and sustained attention respectively, and smaller N2, indicative of diminished engagement of cognitive control processes. Source localization revealed increased activity in the visual cortex in the presence of immediacy, signifying higher valuation. Higher activation of areas of insula during P2—suggesting increased awareness of visceral signals—predicted larger impulsive preference reversals. The results suggest that presence of immediate reward biases the choice very early during the decision making process by precipitating visceral states that triggers approach behaviour, and highlight the need to adopt strategies like precommitment to counter the effect.
format	article
author	Sathya Narayana Sharma Azizuddin Khan
author_facet	Sathya Narayana Sharma Azizuddin Khan
author_sort	Sathya Narayana Sharma
title	Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
title_short	Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
title_full	Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
title_fullStr	Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
title_full_unstemmed	Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
title_sort	intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a64b60542834480a97ed48f2eec56cb7
work_keys_str_mv	AT sathyanarayanasharma intertemporalpreferencereversalsareassociatedwithearlyactivationofinsulaandsustainedpreferentialprocessingofimmediaterewardsinvisualcortex AT azizuddinkhan intertemporalpreferencereversalsareassociatedwithearlyactivationofinsulaandsustainedpreferentialprocessingofimmediaterewardsinvisualcortex
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Intertemporal preference reversals are associated with early activation of insula and sustained preferential processing of immediate rewards in visual cortex

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