Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content

Abstract Complete recycling of Nd2Fe14B sludge by chemical methods has gained significance in recent years, however, it is not easy to recycle highly contaminant sludge and obtain product with good magnetic properties. Herein we report a simple four-step process to recycle the Nd2Fe14B sludge contai...

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Autores principales:	Syed Kamran Haider, Dongsoo Kim, Young Soo Kang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a65c99c76f4141e981d437d7f5b3c0b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a65c99c76f4141e981d437d7f5b3c0b52021-11-21T12:23:13ZFour-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content10.1038/s41598-021-01382-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a65c99c76f4141e981d437d7f5b3c0b52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01382-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Complete recycling of Nd2Fe14B sludge by chemical methods has gained significance in recent years, however, it is not easy to recycle highly contaminant sludge and obtain product with good magnetic properties. Herein we report a simple four-step process to recycle the Nd2Fe14B sludge containing ~ 10% of contaminants. Sludge was leached in H2SO4 and selectively co-precipitated in two steps. In the first co-precipitation, Al3+ and Cu2+ were removed at pH 6. Thereafter, in the second co-precipitation Fe2+ and RE3+ sulfates were converted to the Fe and RE hydroxides. By annealing at 800 °C RE and Fe hydroxides precipitates were converted to the oxides and residual carbon was oxidized to CO2. After the addition of boric acid, Fe and RE oxides were reduced and diffused to the (Nd-RE)2Fe14B by calciothermic reduction diffusion. Removal of CaO by washing with D.I. water in glove box reduced the oxygen content (~ 0.7%), improved crystallinity and enhanced the magnetic properties significantly. Coercivity increased more than three times (from 242.71 to 800.55 kA/m) and Mr value was also enhanced up to more than 20% (from 0.481 to 0.605 T). In this green process Na2SO4 and Ca(OH)2 were produced as by-product those are non-hazardous and were removed conveniently.Syed Kamran HaiderDongsoo KimYoung Soo KangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Syed Kamran Haider Dongsoo Kim Young Soo Kang Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
description	Abstract Complete recycling of Nd2Fe14B sludge by chemical methods has gained significance in recent years, however, it is not easy to recycle highly contaminant sludge and obtain product with good magnetic properties. Herein we report a simple four-step process to recycle the Nd2Fe14B sludge containing ~ 10% of contaminants. Sludge was leached in H2SO4 and selectively co-precipitated in two steps. In the first co-precipitation, Al3+ and Cu2+ were removed at pH 6. Thereafter, in the second co-precipitation Fe2+ and RE3+ sulfates were converted to the Fe and RE hydroxides. By annealing at 800 °C RE and Fe hydroxides precipitates were converted to the oxides and residual carbon was oxidized to CO2. After the addition of boric acid, Fe and RE oxides were reduced and diffused to the (Nd-RE)2Fe14B by calciothermic reduction diffusion. Removal of CaO by washing with D.I. water in glove box reduced the oxygen content (~ 0.7%), improved crystallinity and enhanced the magnetic properties significantly. Coercivity increased more than three times (from 242.71 to 800.55 kA/m) and Mr value was also enhanced up to more than 20% (from 0.481 to 0.605 T). In this green process Na2SO4 and Ca(OH)2 were produced as by-product those are non-hazardous and were removed conveniently.
format	article
author	Syed Kamran Haider Dongsoo Kim Young Soo Kang
author_facet	Syed Kamran Haider Dongsoo Kim Young Soo Kang
author_sort	Syed Kamran Haider
title	Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
title_short	Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
title_full	Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
title_fullStr	Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
title_full_unstemmed	Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
title_sort	four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated nd2fe14b sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/a65c99c76f4141e981d437d7f5b3c0b5
work_keys_str_mv	AT syedkamranhaider fourstepecofriendlyenergyefficientrecyclingofcontaminatednd2fe14bsludgeandcoercivityenhancementbyreducingoxygencontent AT dongsookim fourstepecofriendlyenergyefficientrecyclingofcontaminatednd2fe14bsludgeandcoercivityenhancementbyreducingoxygencontent AT youngsookang fourstepecofriendlyenergyefficientrecyclingofcontaminatednd2fe14bsludgeandcoercivityenhancementbyreducingoxygencontent
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Four-step eco-friendly energy efficient recycling of contaminated Nd2Fe14B sludge and coercivity enhancement by reducing oxygen content

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