The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses

Abstract Eukaryotes utilize Ca2+ as a universal second messenger to convert and multiply environmental and developmental signals to downstream protein phosphorylation responses. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genes that convert Ca2+ signal (CS) to protein phosphorylation responses (P...

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Autores principales:	Fei Chen, Liangsheng Zhang, Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a66370ecbf4947c4882c30e8a10df05e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a66370ecbf4947c4882c30e8a10df05e2021-12-02T11:52:20ZThe calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses10.1038/s41598-017-03367-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/a66370ecbf4947c4882c30e8a10df05e2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03367-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Eukaryotes utilize Ca2+ as a universal second messenger to convert and multiply environmental and developmental signals to downstream protein phosphorylation responses. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genes that convert Ca2+ signal (CS) to protein phosphorylation responses (PPRs) remain highly controversial, and their origin and evolutionary trajectory are unclear, which greatly hinders functional studies. Here we examined the deep phylogeny of eukaryotic CS converter gene families and identified a phylogenetically and structurally distinctive monophyly in Archaeplastida. This monophyly can be divided into four subfamilies, and each can be traced to ancestral members that contain a kinase domain and a calmodulin-like domain. This strongly indicates that the ancestor of this monophyly originated by a de novo fusion of a kinase gene and a calmodulin gene. This gene family, with a proposed new name, Calmodulin Fused Kinase (CFK), had expanded and diverged significantly both in sizes and in structures for efficient and accurate Ca2+ signalling, and was shown to play pivotal roles in all the six major plant adaptation events in evolution. Our findings elucidated the common origin of all CS-PPR converter genes except CBL-CIPK converter genes, and revealed that CFKs act as the main CS conversion system in plants.Fei ChenLiangsheng ZhangZong-Ming (Max) ChengNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fei Chen Liangsheng Zhang Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
description	Abstract Eukaryotes utilize Ca2+ as a universal second messenger to convert and multiply environmental and developmental signals to downstream protein phosphorylation responses. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genes that convert Ca2+ signal (CS) to protein phosphorylation responses (PPRs) remain highly controversial, and their origin and evolutionary trajectory are unclear, which greatly hinders functional studies. Here we examined the deep phylogeny of eukaryotic CS converter gene families and identified a phylogenetically and structurally distinctive monophyly in Archaeplastida. This monophyly can be divided into four subfamilies, and each can be traced to ancestral members that contain a kinase domain and a calmodulin-like domain. This strongly indicates that the ancestor of this monophyly originated by a de novo fusion of a kinase gene and a calmodulin gene. This gene family, with a proposed new name, Calmodulin Fused Kinase (CFK), had expanded and diverged significantly both in sizes and in structures for efficient and accurate Ca2+ signalling, and was shown to play pivotal roles in all the six major plant adaptation events in evolution. Our findings elucidated the common origin of all CS-PPR converter genes except CBL-CIPK converter genes, and revealed that CFKs act as the main CS conversion system in plants.
format	article
author	Fei Chen Liangsheng Zhang Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
author_facet	Fei Chen Liangsheng Zhang Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
author_sort	Fei Chen
title	The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
title_short	The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
title_full	The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
title_fullStr	The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
title_full_unstemmed	The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
title_sort	calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/a66370ecbf4947c4882c30e8a10df05e
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The calmodulin fused kinase novel gene family is the major system in plants converting Ca2+ signals to protein phosphorylation responses

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