Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.

Compelling evidence indicates the existence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes, a type of glial cells classically considered to be passive supportive cells, have been recently demonstrated to be actively involved in the processing and regulation of synaptic inf...

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Autores principales:	Ana B Porto-Pazos, Noha Veiguela, Pablo Mesejo, Marta Navarrete, Alberto Alvarellos, Oscar Ibáñez, Alejandro Pazos, Alfonso Araque
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/a66a95539b0f4233a83ac60145a5325b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:a66a95539b0f4233a83ac60145a5325b2021-11-18T06:55:34ZArtificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0019109https://doaj.org/article/a66a95539b0f4233a83ac60145a5325b2011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21526157/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Compelling evidence indicates the existence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes, a type of glial cells classically considered to be passive supportive cells, have been recently demonstrated to be actively involved in the processing and regulation of synaptic information, suggesting that brain function arises from the activity of neuron-glia networks. However, the actual impact of astrocytes in neural network function is largely unknown and its application in artificial intelligence remains untested. We have investigated the consequences of including artificial astrocytes, which present the biologically defined properties involved in astrocyte-neuron communication, on artificial neural network performance. Using connectionist systems and evolutionary algorithms, we have compared the performance of artificial neural networks (NN) and artificial neuron-glia networks (NGN) to solve classification problems. We show that the degree of success of NGN is superior to NN. Analysis of performances of NN with different number of neurons or different architectures indicate that the effects of NGN cannot be accounted for an increased number of network elements, but rather they are specifically due to astrocytes. Furthermore, the relative efficacy of NGN vs. NN increases as the complexity of the network increases. These results indicate that artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance, and established the concept of Artificial Neuron-Glia Networks, which represents a novel concept in Artificial Intelligence with implications in computational science as well as in the understanding of brain function.Ana B Porto-PazosNoha VeiguelaPablo MesejoMarta NavarreteAlberto AlvarellosOscar IbáñezAlejandro PazosAlfonso AraquePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e19109 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ana B Porto-Pazos Noha Veiguela Pablo Mesejo Marta Navarrete Alberto Alvarellos Oscar Ibáñez Alejandro Pazos Alfonso Araque Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
description	Compelling evidence indicates the existence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes, a type of glial cells classically considered to be passive supportive cells, have been recently demonstrated to be actively involved in the processing and regulation of synaptic information, suggesting that brain function arises from the activity of neuron-glia networks. However, the actual impact of astrocytes in neural network function is largely unknown and its application in artificial intelligence remains untested. We have investigated the consequences of including artificial astrocytes, which present the biologically defined properties involved in astrocyte-neuron communication, on artificial neural network performance. Using connectionist systems and evolutionary algorithms, we have compared the performance of artificial neural networks (NN) and artificial neuron-glia networks (NGN) to solve classification problems. We show that the degree of success of NGN is superior to NN. Analysis of performances of NN with different number of neurons or different architectures indicate that the effects of NGN cannot be accounted for an increased number of network elements, but rather they are specifically due to astrocytes. Furthermore, the relative efficacy of NGN vs. NN increases as the complexity of the network increases. These results indicate that artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance, and established the concept of Artificial Neuron-Glia Networks, which represents a novel concept in Artificial Intelligence with implications in computational science as well as in the understanding of brain function.
format	article
author	Ana B Porto-Pazos Noha Veiguela Pablo Mesejo Marta Navarrete Alberto Alvarellos Oscar Ibáñez Alejandro Pazos Alfonso Araque
author_facet	Ana B Porto-Pazos Noha Veiguela Pablo Mesejo Marta Navarrete Alberto Alvarellos Oscar Ibáñez Alejandro Pazos Alfonso Araque
author_sort	Ana B Porto-Pazos
title	Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
title_short	Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
title_full	Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
title_fullStr	Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
title_full_unstemmed	Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
title_sort	artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/a66a95539b0f4233a83ac60145a5325b
work_keys_str_mv	AT anabportopazos artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT nohaveiguela artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT pablomesejo artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT martanavarrete artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT albertoalvarellos artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT oscaribanez artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT alejandropazos artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance AT alfonsoaraque artificialastrocytesimproveneuralnetworkperformance
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Artificial astrocytes improve neural network performance.

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